Exodus 23:11

וְהַשְּׁבִיעִ֞ת תִּשְׁמְטֶ֣נָּה וּנְטַשְׁתָּ֗הּ וְאָֽכְלוּ֙ אֶבְיֹנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְיִתְרָ֕ם תֹּאכַ֖ל חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה כֵּֽן־תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לְכַרְמְךָ֖ לְזֵיתֶֽךָ׃

But in the seventh year, you shall let it rest and lie fallow, so that the poor of your people may eat; and what they leave, the beasts of the field shall eat. Likewise, you shall do with your vineyard and your olive grove.

Morphology

1. וְהַשְּׁבִיעִ֞ת (ve-hashvi’it) – Root: שׁבע (sh-v-ʿ); Form: Conjunction + Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “But in the seventh [year]”; Notes: Refers to the sabbatical year.
2. תִּשְׁמְטֶ֣נָּה (tishmetenah) – Root: שמט (sh-m-ṭ); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2ms + 3fs suffix; Translation: “You shall let it rest”; Notes: Refers to refraining from cultivating the land.
3. וּנְטַשְׁתָּ֗הּ (unetash’tah) – Root: נטשׁ (n-t-sh); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2ms + 3fs suffix; Translation: “And lie fallow”; Notes: Indicates leaving the land uncultivated.
4. וְאָֽכְלוּ֙ (ve’akhlu) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3mp; Translation: “And may eat”; Notes: Refers to the consumption by the poor.
5. אֶבְיֹנֵ֣י (evyonei) – Root: אביון (ʾ-v-y-n); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “The poor of”; Notes: Refers to the impoverished among the community.
6. עַמֶּ֔ךָ (ʿammekha) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 2ms suffix; Translation: “Your people”; Notes: Refers to the Israelite community.
7. וְיִתְרָ֕ם (veyitram) – Root: יתר (y-t-r); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular construct with 3mp suffix; Translation: “And what they leave”; Notes: Refers to the leftovers from the poor.
8. תֹּאכַ֖ל (to’akhal) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3fs; Translation: “Shall eat”; Notes: Refers to the beasts consuming the remaining produce.
9. חַיַּ֣ת (ḥayyat) – Root: חיה (ḥ-y-h); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “The beasts of”; Notes: Refers to wild animals in the field.
10. הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה (hasadeh) – Root: שדה (s-d-h); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “The field”; Notes: Refers to the uncultivated areas of land.
11. כֵּֽן־תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה (ken-taʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Adverb + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2ms; Translation: “Likewise you shall do”; Notes: Refers to similar treatment of other agricultural assets.
12. לְכַרְמְךָ֖ (lekarma’kha) – Root: כרם (k-r-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular construct with 2ms suffix; Translation: “With your vineyard”; Notes: Refers to grape-growing areas.
13. לְזֵיתֶֽךָ׃ (lezeyt’kha) – Root: זית (z-y-t); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular construct with 2ms suffix; Translation: “With your olive grove”; Notes: Refers to areas for cultivating olive trees.