Exodus 34:3

וְאִישׁ֙ לֹֽא־יַעֲלֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ וְגַם־אִ֥ישׁ אַל־יֵרָ֖א בְּכָל־הָהָ֑ר גַּם־הַצֹּ֤אן וְהַבָּקָר֙ אַל־יִרְע֔וּ אֶל־מ֖וּל הָהָ֥ר הַהֽוּא׃

And no man shall come up with you, nor shall any man be seen throughout the entire mountain. Even the flock and the herd shall not graze opposite that mountain.

Morphology

1. וְאִישׁ֙ (veʾish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾ-ʾ-sh); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “And no man”; Notes: Refers to the prohibition of any person’s presence.
2. לֹֽא־יַעֲלֶ֣ה (lo-yaʿaleh) – Root: עלה (ʿ-l-h); Form: Negative particle + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “Shall not come up”; Notes: Prohibition against ascending the mountain.
3. עִמָּ֔ךְ (ʿimmakh) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Preposition with 2ms suffix; Translation: “With you”; Notes: Refers to Moshe as the subject.
4. וְגַם־ (vegam) – Root: None; Form: Conjunction + Adverb; Translation: “Nor”; Notes: Adds further prohibition.
5. אִ֥ישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾ-ʾ-sh); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Any man”; Notes: Reiterates the exclusion of all people.
6. אַל־יֵרָ֖א (ʾal-yera) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Negative particle + Verb, Nifal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “Shall not be seen”; Notes: Prohibition against being visible on the mountain.
7. בְּכָל־ (bekhol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “Throughout”; Notes: Indicates the entirety of the mountain.
8. הָהָ֑ר (hahar) – Root: הר (h-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The mountain”; Notes: Refers to Mount Sinai.
9. גַּם־ (gam) – Root: None; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Even”; Notes: Expands the prohibition to animals.
10. הַצֹּ֤אן (hatzon) – Root: צאן (ts-ʾ-n); Form: Noun, common singular with definite article; Translation: “The flock”; Notes: Refers to sheep or small livestock.
11. וְהַבָּקָר֙ (vehabaqar) – Root: בקר (b-q-r); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “And the herd”; Notes: Refers to cattle or larger livestock.
12. אַל־יִרְע֔וּ (ʾal-yirʿu) – Root: רעה (r-ʿ-h); Form: Negative particle + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3mp; Translation: “Shall not graze”; Notes: Prohibition of animals grazing near the mountain.
13. אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: None; Form: Preposition; Translation: “Toward”; Notes: Indicates the direction toward the mountain.
14. מ֖וּל (mul) – Root: מול (m-w-l); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Opposite”; Notes: Refers to being in proximity to the mountain.
15. הָהָ֥ר (hahar) – Root: הר (h-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The mountain”; Notes: Specifies Mount Sinai again.
16. הַהֽוּא׃ (hahu) – Root: הוא (h-w-ʾ); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “That”; Notes: Refers to the particular mountain being described.