וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ אֶת־אַבְנֵ֣י הַשֹּׁ֔הַם מֻֽסַבֹּ֖ת מִשְׁבְּצֹ֣ות זָהָ֑ב מְפֻתָּחֹת֙ פִּתּוּחֵ֣י חֹותָ֔ם עַל־שְׁמֹ֖ות בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And they made the onyx stones surrounded with settings of gold, engraved like the engravings of a signet, according to the names of the sons of Yisra’el.
Morphology
- וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ (vayyaʿasu) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Verb, Qal wayyiqtol, third person plural masculine; Translation: “And they made”; Notes: Indicates completed action by a group.
- אֶת־אַבְנֵ֣י (et-avnei) – Root: אבן (ʾ-b-n); Form: Particle + noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “The stones of”; Notes: Refers to the onyx stones.
- הַשֹּׁ֔הַם (ha-shoham) – Root: שהם (sh-h-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The onyx”; Notes: Specific type of precious stone.
- מֻֽסַבֹּ֖ת (musabot) – Root: סבב (s-v-v); Form: Participle, Pual feminine plural; Translation: “Surrounded”; Notes: Describes the stones being encircled by gold settings.
- מִשְׁבְּצֹ֣ות (mishbetsot) – Root: שבץ (sh-b-ts); Form: Noun, feminine plural construct; Translation: “Settings”; Notes: Refers to decorative gold settings for the stones.
- זָהָ֑ב (zahav) – Root: זהב (z-h-v); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Gold”; Notes: Material used for the settings.
- מְפֻתָּחֹת֙ (mefuttaḥot) – Root: פתח (p-t-ḥ); Form: Participle, Pual feminine plural; Translation: “Engraved”; Notes: Describes the decorative work on the stones.
- פִּתּוּחֵ֣י (pittuḥei) – Root: פתח (p-t-ḥ); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Engravings of”; Notes: Refers to the specific type of carving.
- חֹותָ֔ם (ḥotam) – Root: חותם (ḥ-t-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “A signet”; Notes: Indicates the style of the engravings.
- עַל־שְׁמֹ֖ות (ʿal-shemot) – Root: שם (sh-m); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine plural; Translation: “According to the names of”; Notes: Refers to the names engraved on the stones.
- בְּנֵ֥י (bene) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “The sons of”; Notes: Denotes lineage.
- יִשְׂרָאֵֽל (Yisra’el) – Root: ישראל (y-s-r-ʾ-l); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the twelve tribes of Israel.