וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן נְטֵ֤ה אֶת־יָדְךָ֙ בְּמַטֶּ֔ךָ עַל־הַ֨נְּהָרֹ֔ת עַל־הַיְאֹרִ֖ים וְעַל־הָאֲגַמִּ֑ים וְהַ֥עַל אֶת־הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
And YHWH said to Moshe, “Say to Aharon, ’Stretch out your hand with your staff over the rivers, over the canals, and over the ponds, and bring up the frogs on the land of Mitsrayim.’”
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayomer) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces direct speech from YHWH.
- יְהוָה֮ (YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ (el-Mosheh) – Root: משה (M-Sh-H); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “To Moshe”; Notes: Addressed to the prophet Moshe.
- אֱמֹ֣ר (emor) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperative, ms; Translation: “Say”; Notes: A directive to speak.
- אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן (el-Aharon) – Root: אהרן (ʾ-h-r-n); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “To Aharon”; Notes: Addressing Moshe’s brother, Aharon.
- נְטֵ֤ה (nṭeh) – Root: נטה (n-ṭ-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperative, ms; Translation: “Stretch out”; Notes: Command to extend the hand.
- אֶת־יָדְךָ֙ (ʾet-yadkha) – Root: יד (y-d); Form: Noun, fs with 2ms suffix; Translation: “Your hand”; Notes: Refers to Aharon’s hand holding the staff.
- בְּמַטֶּ֔ךָ (be-mattekha) – Root: מטה (m-ṭ-h); Form: Noun, ms with preposition and 2ms suffix; Translation: “With your staff”; Notes: Aharon’s staff, used for signs and wonders.
- עַל־הַ֨נְּהָרֹ֔ת (ʿal-ha-neharot) – Root: נהר (n-h-r); Form: Noun, mp with definite article; Translation: “Over the rivers”; Notes: Includes the major waterways of Egypt.
- עַל־הַיְאֹרִ֖ים (ʿal-ha-yeʾorim) – Root: יאור (y-ʾ-r); Form: Noun, mp with definite article; Translation: “Over the canals”; Notes: Refers to irrigation canals.
- וְעַל־הָאֲגַמִּ֑ים (ve-ʿal-ha-agammim) – Root: אגם (ʾ-g-m); Form: Noun, mp with definite article; Translation: “Over the ponds”; Notes: Refers to smaller bodies of stagnant water.
- וְהַ֥עַל (ve-haʿal) – Root: עלה (ʿ-l-h); Form: Verb, Hifil, Imperative, ms with vav; Translation: “And bring up”; Notes: Command to cause the frogs to come up.
- אֶת־הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים (ʾet-ha-tsefardeʿim) – Root: צפרדע (ts-f-r-d-ʿ); Form: Noun, mp with definite article; Translation: “The frogs”; Notes: Refers to the agents of the second plague.
- עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ (ʿal-ʾerets) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts); Form: Noun, fs with preposition; Translation: “On the land of”; Notes: Refers to the territory affected by the frogs.
- מִצְרָֽיִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: מצרים (m-ts-r-y-m); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Egypt”; Notes: Refers to the nation under Parʿo’s rule.