וכל שיח השדה טרם יהיה בארץ וכל עשב השדה טרם יצמח כי לא המטיר יהוה אלהים על הארץ ואדם אין לעבד את האדמה׃
Gen 2:5 [Samaritan]
וכל שיח השדה טרם יהיה בארץ וכל עשב השדה טרם יצמח כי לא המטיר יהוה אלהים על הארץ ואדם אין לעבד את האדמה׃
And all shrubs of the field had not yet appeared on the earth, and all plants of the field had not yet sprouted, because YHWH Elohim had not caused it to rain on the earth, and there was no man to work the ground.
Gen 2:5 [Masoretic]
וְכֹל שִׂיחַ הַשָּׂדֶה טֶרֶם יִֽהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ וְכָל־עֵשֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶה טֶרֶם יִצְמָח כִּי לֹא הִמְטִיר יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים עַל־הָאָרֶץ וְאָדָם אַיִן לַֽעֲבֹד אֶת־הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃
And all shrubs of the field had not yet appeared on the earth, and all plants of the field had not yet sprouted, because YHWH Elohim had not caused it to rain on the earth, and there was no man to work the ground.
Gen 2:5 [Targum Onkelos]
וְכֹל אִילָנֵי חַקְלָא עַד לָא הֲווֹ בְּאַרְעָא וְכָל עִיסְבָּא דְּחַקְלָא עַד לָא צְמַח אֲרֵי לָא אַחֵית יְיָ אֱלֹהִים מִטְרָא עַל אַרְעָא וַאֵינַשׁ לַיִת לְמִפְלַח יַת אֲדַמְתָּא:
And all trees of the field were not yet in the earth, and all plants of the field had not yet sprouted, because YeYa Elohim had not caused rain to come upon the earth, and there was no man to cultivate the ground.
Gen 2:5 [Samaritan Targum]
וכל פענטוס ברה אדלה יהי בארעה וכל עסב חקלה אדלא יסק הלא לא המטיר יהוה אלה על ארעה ואנש לית למשמשה ית אדמתה:
And all trees of the field were not yet in the earth, and all plants of the field had not yet sprouted, because YHWH Elah had not caused rain to come upon the earth, and there was no man to cultivate the ground.
Gen 2:5 [Peshitta]
ܘܟܠܗܘܢ ܐ̈ܝܠܢܐ ܕܚܩܠܐ ܥܕܟܝܠ ܠܐ ܗܘܘ ܒܐܪܥܐ܂ ܘܟܠܗ ܥܣܒܐ ܕܚܩܠܐ ܥܕܟܝܠ ܠܐ ܐܝܥܐ܂ ܡܛܠ ܕܠܐ ܐܚܬ ܡܪܝܐ ܐܠܗܐ ܡܛܪܐ ܥܠ ܐ̈ܦܝ ܐܪܥܐ܂ ܘܐܕܡ ܠܝܬ ܠܡܦܠܚ ܒܐܪܥܐ܀
And all shrubs of the field had not yet appeared on the earth, and all plants of the field had not yet sprouted, because MarYA Alaha had not caused it to rain on the earth, and there was no Adam to work the ground.
* The Hebrew האדם taken here in a general sense of ‘man’ is rendered by the proper name ܐܕܡ (Adam).
Gen 2:5 [Septuagint]
καὶ πᾶν χλωρὸν ἀγροῦ πρὸ τοῦ γενέσθαι ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ πάντα χόρτον ἀγροῦ πρὸ τοῦ ἀνατεῖλαι. οὐ γὰρ ἔβρεξεν ὁ Θεὸς ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἦν ἐργάζεσθαι τὴν γῆν·
and every green plant of the field before it was on the earth, and all the grass of the field before it sprang up, for God had not rained on the earth, and there was no a man to work the land;
Gen 2:5 [Old Latin (Vetus Latina)]
Et omne viride agri, antequam esset super terram, et omne foenum agri, antequam exortum est : non enim pluerat super terram Deus ; et homo non erat qui operaretur terram :
And every green field before they were on earth, and all the grass of the field before they shot up, for God had not rained upon the earth, and there was no man to till the ground.
Gen 2:5 [Vulgate]
Et omne virgultum agri antequam oreretur in terra, omnemque herbam regionis priusquam germinaret : non enim pluerat Dominus Deus super terram, et homo non erat qui operaretur terram :
And every plant of the field before it sprung up in the earth, and every herb of the ground before it grew, for the LORD God had not rained upon the earth, and there was no man to till the ground.
* v.l. oreretur = oriretur
וְכֹ֣ל שִׂ֣יחַ הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה טֶ֚רֶם יִֽהְיֶ֣ה בָאָ֔רֶץ וְכָל־עֵ֥שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה טֶ֣רֶם יִצְמָ֑ח כִּי֩ לֹ֨א הִמְטִ֜יר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאָדָ֣ם אַ֔יִן לַֽעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃
And no shrub of the field was yet on the earth, and no plant of the field had yet sprouted, for YHWH God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was no man to till the ground.
Morphology
- וְכֹ֣ל (wĕkōl) – Root: כלל (k-l-l); Form: Conjunction with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “And all”; Notes: Refers to the entirety of what follows.
- שִׂ֣יחַ (śîaḥ) – Root: שׂיח (ś-y-ḥ); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “shrub”; Notes: Refers to small plants or bushes.
- הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה (haśśāḏeh) – Root: שׂדה (ś-d-h); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “of the field”; Notes: Indicates cultivated or natural areas.
- טֶ֚רֶם (ṭerem) – Root: טרם (ṭ-r-m); Form: Adverb; Translation: “yet”; Notes: Indicates something that had not yet occurred.
- יִֽהְיֶ֣ה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “was”; Notes: Describes the lack of existence of the shrub.
- בָאָ֔רֶץ (bāʾāreṣ) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ṣ); Form: Noun, feminine singular with preposition and definite article; Translation: “on the earth”; Notes: Refers to the physical land.
- וְכָל־ (wĕḵāl-) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Conjunction with noun; Translation: “and every”; Notes: Connects to the subsequent phrase.
- עֵ֥שֶׂב (ʿēśeḇ) – Root: עשב (ʿ-ś-b); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “plant”; Notes: Refers to vegetation.
- הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה (haśśāḏeh) – Root: שׂדה (ś-d-h); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “of the field”; Notes: Repeated phrase for emphasis.
- טֶ֣רֶם (ṭerem) – Root: טרם (ṭ-r-m); Form: Adverb; Translation: “yet”; Notes: As above.
- יִצְמָ֑ח (yiṣmaḥ) – Root: צמח (ṣ-m-ḥ); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “had sprouted”; Notes: Refers to the growth of plants.
- כִּי֩ (kî) – Root: כי (k-y); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason.
- לֹ֨א (lōʾ) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Adverb; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- הִמְטִ֜יר (himṭîr) – Root: מטר (m-ṭ-r); Form: Verb, Hiphil, Perfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “had caused it to rain”; Notes: Causal form indicating divine action.
- יְהוָ֤ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (h-w-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: Refers to God by His covenantal name.
- אֱלֹהִים֙ (ʾĕlōhîm) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “God”; Notes: As above.
- עַל־ (ʿal-) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Introduces location.
- הָאָ֔רֶץ (hāʾāreṣ) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ṣ); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: As above.
- וְאָדָ֣ם (wĕʾāḏām) – Root: אדם (ʾ-d-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and man”; Notes: Refers to humanity.
- אַ֔יִן (ʾayin) – Root: אין (ʾ-y-n); Form: Particle; Translation: “there was no”; Notes: Negation indicating absence.
- לַֽעֲבֹ֖ד (la-a-vod) – Root: עבד (avad); Form: Qal, infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to work”; Notes: Refers to the intended purpose of man’s labor in cultivating the ground.
- אֶת־ (et) – Direct object marker; Translation: “—”; Notes: Marks the direct object of the verb.
- הָֽאֲדָמָֽה (ha-a-da-mah) – Root: אדמה (adamah); Form: noun, fs with definite article; Translation: “the ground”; Notes: Refers to the soil or earth intended for cultivation.