Genesis 3:19

בזעת אפיך תאכל לחם עד שובך אל האדמה כי ממנה לקחת כי עפר אתה ואל עפר תשוב׃

Gen 3:19 [Samaritan]
בזעת אפיך תאכל לחם עד שובך אל האדמה כי ממנה לקחת כי עפר אתה ואל עפרך תשוב׃

Gen 3:19 [Masoretic]
בְּזֵעַת אַפֶּיךָ תֹּאכַל לֶחֶם עַד שֽׁוּבְךָ אֶל־הָאֲדָמָה כִּי מִמֶּנָּה לֻקָּחְתָּ כִּֽי־עָפָר אַתָּה וְאֶל־עָפָר תָּשֽׁוּב׃
In the sweat of your face shall you eat bread, until you return to the ground, because from it you were taken; for dust you are, and to dust you shall return.

Gen 3:19 [Targum Onkelos]
בְדֵיעֲתָא דְּאַפָּךְ תֵּיכוֹל לַחְמָא עַד דְּתִתָּתַב לְאַרְעָא דְּמִינַּהּ אִיתְבְּרִיתָא  אֲרֵי עַפְרָא אַתְּ וּלְעַפְרָא תְּתוּב:
In the sweat of your face shall you eat bread, until you return to the earth, for from it you were created. Because dust you are, and to dust you shall return.

Gen 3:19 [Samaritan Targum]
בלעוש אפיך תיכל מזון עד עפסותך לות אדמתה הלא מנה אתנסבת הלא עפר את וליד עפרך תעזר:
.

Gen 3:19 [Peshitta]
ܘܒܕܘܥܬܐ ܕܐ̈ܦܝܟ ܬܐܟܘܠ ܠܚܡܐ܂ ܥܕܡܐ ܕܬܗܦܘܟ ܠܐܪܥܐ ܕܡܢܗܿ ܐܬܢܼܣܒܬ܂ ܡܛܠ ܕܥܦܪܐ ܐܢܬ ܘܠܥܦܪܐ ܬܗܦܘܟ܂
In the sweat of your face shall you eat bread, until you return to the earth, for from it you were taken. Because from dust you are, and to dust you shall return.

Gen 3:19 [Septuagint]
Ἐν ἱδρῶτι τοῦ προσώπου σου φάγῃ τὸν ἄρτον σου ἕως τοῦ ἀποστρέψαι σε εἰς τὴν γῆν, ἐξ ἧς ἐλήμφθης· ὅτι γῆ εἶ καὶ εἰς γῆν ἀπελεύσῃ.
In the sweat of your face shall you eat your bread until you return to the earth, out of which you were taken, because earth you are and to earth you shall depart.

Gen 3:19 [Old Latin (Vetus Latina)]
In sudore faciei tuae edes panem tuum, donec convertaris in terram ex qua sumptus es : quia terra es, et in terram ibis.
In the sweat of your face shall you eat bread until you are devoted to the ground out of which you were taken, for you are ground, and to the ground you shall return.

Gen 3:19 [Vulgate]
In sudore vultus tui vesceris pane, donec revertaris in terram de qua sumptus es : quia pulvis es, et in pulverem reverteris.
In the sweat of your face shall you eat bread until you return to the ground out of which you were taken, for you are dust, and to dust you shall return.

בְּזֵעַ֤ת אַפֶּ֨יךָ֙ תֹּ֣אכַל לֶ֔חֶם עַ֤ד שֽׁוּבְךָ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה כִּ֥י מִמֶּ֖נָּה לֻקָּ֑חְתָּ כִּֽי־עָפָ֣ר אַ֔תָּה וְאֶל־עָפָ֖ר תָּשֽׁוּב׃

By the sweat of your face, you shall eat bread until you return to the ground, for from it you were taken; for you are dust, and to dust you shall return.

Morphology

1. בְּזֵעַ֤ת (bĕzēʿaṯ) – Root: זיע (z-ʿ-y); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun, singular feminine construct; Translation: “by the sweat”; Notes: Indicates the means of obtaining sustenance.
2. אַפֶּ֨יךָ֙ (ʾappekha) – Root: אף (ʾ-p̄); Form: Noun, dual construct + second masculine singular pronominal suffix; Translation: “of your face”; Notes: Emphasizes the personal effort involved.
3. תֹּ֣אכַל (tōʾḵal) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Form: Qal imperfect, second masculine singular; Translation: “you shall eat”; Notes: Indicates continuous action.
4. לֶ֔חֶם (leḥem) – Root: לחם (l-ḥ-m); Form: Noun, singular masculine; Translation: “bread”; Notes: Represents basic sustenance.
5. עַ֤ד (ʿaḏ) – Root: עד (ʿ-d); Form: Preposition; Translation: “until”; Notes: Marks the duration of the action.
6. שֽׁוּבְךָ֙ (šūḇkha) – Root: שוב (š-w-b); Form: Infinitive construct + second masculine singular pronominal suffix; Translation: “your returning”; Notes: Refers to the eventual death of man.
7. אֶל־ (ʾel-) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition; Translation: “to”; Notes: Indicates the destination.
8. הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה (hāʾăḏāmāh) – Root: אדמ (ʾ-d-m); Form: Noun, singular feminine with definite article ה; Translation: “the ground”; Notes: Refers to the earth from which man was formed.
9. כִּ֥י (kī) – Root: כי (k-y); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason.
10. מִמֶּ֖נָּה (mimmennāh) – Root: מן (m-n); Form: Preposition מִן־ + third feminine singular pronominal suffix; Translation: “from it”; Notes: Refers to the ground as man’s origin.
11. לֻקָּ֑חְתָּ (luqqaḥtā) – Root: לקח (l-q-ḥ); Form: Qal passive perfect, second masculine singular; Translation: “you were taken”; Notes: Describes man’s formation from the ground.
12. כִּֽי־עָפָ֣ר (kī-ʿāp̄ār) – Root: עפר (ʿ-p̄-r); Form: Conjunction כִּי + noun, singular masculine; Translation: “for dust”; Notes: Establishes the origin of man’s body.
13. אַ֔תָּה (ʾattāh) – Root: את (ʾ-t); Form: Pronoun, second masculine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Refers specifically to Adam or humanity.
14. וְאֶל־ (wĕʾel-) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition אֶל־; Translation: “and to”; Notes: Continues the destination statement.
15. עָפָ֖ר (ʿāp̄ār) – Root: עפר (ʿ-p̄-r); Form: Noun, singular masculine; Translation: “dust”; Notes: Concludes the cycle of man’s life.
16. תָּשֽׁוּב (tāšūḇ) – Root: שוב (š-w-b); Form: Qal imperfect, second masculine singular; Translation: “you shall return”; Notes: Refers to death and burial in the ground.

Critical Apparatus :

De Rossi Gen 3:19