וְיֹוסֵ֗ף ה֚וּא הַשַּׁלִּ֣יט עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ ה֥וּא הַמַּשְׁבִּ֖יר לְכָל־עַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ אֲחֵ֣י יֹוסֵ֔ף וַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־לֹ֥ו אַפַּ֖יִם אָֽרְצָה׃
And Yosef was the ruler over the land; he was the one who sold grain to all the people of the land. And Yosef’s brothers came and bowed down to him, with their faces to the ground.
Morphology
- וְיֹוסֵ֗ף (veYosef) – Root: יֹוסֵף (Yosef); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “And Yosef”; Notes: Refers to Yosef, the main subject of the clause.
- ה֚וּא (hu) – Root: הוּא (hu); Form: Pronoun, 3ms; Translation: “was”; Notes: Acts as a copula in this context.
- הַשַּׁלִּ֣יט (hashallit) – Root: שָׁלַט (shalat); Form: Noun, ms with definite article; Translation: “the ruler”; Notes: Refers to Yosef’s authority over the land.
- עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ (al-haaretz) – Root: אֶרֶץ (eretz); Form: Noun, fs with preposition and definite article; Translation: “over the land”; Notes: Indicates the region Yosef rules.
- ה֥וּא (hu) – Root: הוּא (hu); Form: Pronoun, 3ms; Translation: “he”; Notes: Reiterates Yosef as the subject.
- הַמַּשְׁבִּ֖יר (hamashbir) – Root: שָׁבַר (shavar); Form: Noun, ms with definite article; Translation: “the one who sold grain”; Notes: Describes Yosef’s role in distributing food.
- לְכָל־עַ֣ם (le’chol-am) – Root: עַם (am); Form: Noun, ms construct with preposition; Translation: “to all the people of”; Notes: Indicates the recipients of the grain.
- הָאָ֑רֶץ (haaretz) – Root: אֶרֶץ (eretz); Form: Noun, fs with definite article; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Specifies the region under Yosef’s control.
- וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ (vayavo’u) – Root: בּוֹא (bo); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3mp; Translation: “And they came”; Notes: Indicates the arrival of Yosef’s brothers.
- אֲחֵ֣י (achei) – Root: אָח (ach); Form: Noun, mp construct; Translation: “the brothers of”; Notes: Indicates Yosef’s brothers as the subject.
- יֹוסֵ֔ף (Yosef) – Root: יֹוסֵף (Yosef); Form: Proper noun, ms; Translation: “Yosef”; Notes: Specifies the relation to Yosef.
- וַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־לֹ֥ו (vayishtachavu-lo) – Root: חָוָה (chava); Form: Verb, Hishtafel, Consecutive Imperfect, 3mp + pronominal suffix; Translation: “and they bowed down to him”; Notes: Describes the brothers’ gesture of respect toward Yosef.
- אַפַּ֖יִם (appayim) – Root: אַף (af); Form: Dual noun; Translation: “with their faces”; Notes: Indicates the posture in bowing.
- אָֽרְצָה (artza) – Root: אֶרֶץ (eretz); Form: Noun, fs with directional ending; Translation: “to the ground”; Notes: Specifies the direction of their bowing.