וַיַּ֥רְא יֹוסֵ֛ף אֶת־אֶחָ֖יו וַיַּכִּרֵ֑ם וַיִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר אִתָּ֣ם קָשֹׁ֗ות וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֵאַ֣יִן בָּאתֶ֔ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנַ֖עַן לִשְׁבָּר־אֹֽכֶל׃
And Yosef saw his brothers, and he recognized them, but he acted like a stranger toward them and spoke harshly with them. And he said to them, “From where have you come?” And they said, “From the land of Kena’an to buy food.”
Morphology
- וַיַּ֥רְא (vayar) – Root: רָאָה (ra’ah); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he saw”; Notes: Refers to Yosef observing his brothers.
- יֹוסֵ֛ף (Yosef) – Root: יֹוסֵף (Yosef); Form: Proper noun, ms; Translation: “Yosef”; Notes: Refers to Yosef as the subject.
- אֶת־אֶחָ֖יו (et-echav) – Root: אָח (ach); Form: Noun, mp with accusative marker and 3ms suffix; Translation: “his brothers”; Notes: Direct object indicating those Yosef saw.
- וַיַּכִּרֵ֑ם (vayakkirem) – Root: נָכַר (nakar); Form: Verb, Hiphil, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms with 3mp suffix; Translation: “and he recognized them”; Notes: Indicates Yosef’s recognition of his brothers.
- וַיִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר (vayitnaker) – Root: נָכַר (nakar); Form: Verb, Hithpael, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “and he acted like a stranger”; Notes: Reflexive form showing Yosef’s feigned unfamiliarity.
- אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם (alehem) – Root: אֶל (el); Form: Preposition with 3mp suffix; Translation: “toward them”; Notes: Indicates direction of Yosef’s behavior.
- וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר (vayedaber) – Root: דָּבַר (dabar); Form: Verb, Piel, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “and he spoke”; Notes: Action of speaking directed at his brothers.
- אִתָּ֣ם (ittam) – Root: אֵת (et); Form: Preposition with 3mp suffix; Translation: “with them”; Notes: Refers to those Yosef spoke with.
- קָשֹׁ֗ות (kashot) – Root: קָשֶׁה (kasheh); Form: Adjective, fp; Translation: “harshly”; Notes: Describes Yosef’s manner of speaking.
- וַיֹּ֤אמֶר (vayomer) – Root: אָמַר (amar); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Introduction to Yosef’s question.
- אֲלֵהֶם֙ (alehem) – Root: אֶל (el); Form: Preposition with 3mp suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Indicates the direction of Yosef’s speech.
- מֵאַ֣יִן (me’ayin) – Root: אַיִן (ayin); Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “from where”; Notes: Introduces Yosef’s question regarding origin.
- בָּאתֶ֔ם (batem) – Root: בּוֹא (bo); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2mp; Translation: “have you come”; Notes: Yosef’s inquiry about their arrival place.
- וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ (vayomru) – Root: אָמַר (amar); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3mp; Translation: “and they said”; Notes: The response of Yosef’s brothers.
- מֵאֶ֥רֶץ (me’eretz) – Root: אֶרֶץ (eretz); Form: Noun, fs with preposition; Translation: “from the land of”; Notes: Specifies the origin location.
- כְּנַ֖עַן (Kena’an) – Root: כְּנַעַן (Kena’an); Form: Proper noun, fs; Translation: “Canaan”; Notes: Identifies the region of origin.
- לִשְׁבָּר־אֹֽכֶל (lishbor-okhel) – Root: שָׁבַר (shavar) and אָכַל (akhal); Form: Verb, Qal, Infinitive Construct + Noun, ms; Translation: “to buy food”; Notes: Indicates the purpose of their journey.