וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵ֣י מְגוּרַ֔י שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּמְאַ֖ת שָׁנָ֑ה מְעַ֣ט וְרָעִ֗ים הָיוּ֙ יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵ֣י חַיַּ֔י וְלֹ֣א הִשִּׂ֗יגוּ אֶת־יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י אֲבֹתַ֔י בִּימֵ֖י מְגוּרֵיהֶֽם׃
And Ya’aqov said to Par’o, “The days of the years of my sojourning are one hundred and thirty years. Few and difficult have been the days of the years of my life, and they have not reached the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their sojourning.”
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֤אמֶר (vayyo’mer) – Root: אמר (amar); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Refers to Ya’aqov speaking.
- יַעֲקֹב֙ (Ya’aqov) – Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Ya’aqov”; Notes: The subject of the verb “said.”
- אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה (el-Phar’oh) – Form: Preposition with proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “to Pharaoh”; Notes: Indicates the recipient of Ya’aqov’s statement.
- יְמֵי֙ (yemei) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the days of”; Notes: Introduces a measurement of time.
- שְׁנֵ֣י (shenei) – Root: שנה (shanah); Form: Noun, feminine plural construct; Translation: “the years of”; Notes: Refers to a specific time span.
- מְגוּרַ֔י (megurai) – Root: גור (gur); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with 1cs suffix; Translation: “my sojourning”; Notes: Refers to Ya’aqov’s temporary residence in various places.
- שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים (sheloshim) – Root: שלש (shalosh); Form: Numeral, masculine plural; Translation: “thirty”; Notes: Indicates a numerical value.
- וּמְאַ֖ת (u-me’at) – Root: מאה (me’ah); Form: Numeral, feminine singular construct; Translation: “and one hundred”; Notes: Combined with “thirty” to indicate 130 years.
- שָׁנָ֑ה (shanah) – Root: שנה (shanah); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “years”; Notes: Completes the numerical expression of 130 years.
- מְעַ֣ט (me’at) – Root: מעט (me’at); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “few”; Notes: Describes the brevity of Ya’aqov’s life.
- וְרָעִ֗ים (ve-ra’im) – Root: רע (ra); Form: Adjective, masculine plural; Translation: “and difficult”; Notes: Indicates the hardships of Ya’aqov’s life.
- הָיוּ֙ (hayu) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3mp; Translation: “have been”; Notes: Refers to the nature of Ya’aqov’s days.
- יְמֵי֙ (yemei) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the days of”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- שְׁנֵ֣י (shenei) – Root: שנה (shanah); Form: Noun, feminine plural construct; Translation: “the years of”; Notes: Reiterates the lifespan reference.
- חַיַּ֔י (ḥayyai) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with 1cs suffix; Translation: “my life”; Notes: Refers to Ya’aqov’s lived experience.
- וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Form: Conjunction with negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Introduces a contrast.
- הִשִּׂ֗יגוּ (hissigu) – Root: נשג (nasag); Form: Verb, Hifil, Perfect, 3mp; Translation: “have reached”; Notes: Describes the comparison with his fathers’ lifespans.
- אֶת־יְמֵי֙ (et-yemei) – Form: Particle with noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the days of”; Notes: Refers to the fathers’ lifespans.
- שְׁנֵי֙ (shenei) – Root: שנה (shanah); Form: Noun, feminine plural construct; Translation: “the years of”; Notes: Continues the comparative statement.
- חַיֵּ֣י (ḥayyei) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the life of”; Notes: Refers to Ya’aqov’s ancestors.
- אֲבֹתַ֔י (a-vo-tai) – Root: אב (av); Form: noun, mp construct with 1cs suffix; Translation: “my fathers”; Notes: Refers to Ya’aqov’s forefathers, such as Yitzḥaq and Avraham.
- בִּימֵ֖י (bi-ye-mei) – Root: יום (yom); Form: noun, mp construct with preposition; Translation: “in the days of”; Notes: Refers to the time of their lives.
- מְגוּרֵיהֶֽם (mə-gu-rei-hem) – Root: גור (gur); Form: noun, mp construct with 3mp suffix; Translation: “their sojournings”; Notes: Refers to the temporary dwelling of Ya’aqov’s ancestors in foreign lands.