אֹ֤וי לָהֶם֙ כִּֽי־נָדְד֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נִּי שֹׁ֥ד לָהֶ֖ם כִּֽי־פָ֣שְׁעוּ בִ֑י וְאָנֹכִ֣י אֶפְדֵּ֔ם וְהֵ֕מָּה דִּבְּר֥וּ עָלַ֖י כְּזָבִֽים׃
Woe to them, for they have wandered from Me; destruction to them, for they have transgressed against Me. Though I would redeem them, yet they have spoken lies against Me.
Morphology
- אֹוי (ʾoy) – Root: אוי (ʾoy); Form: Interjection; Translation: “Woe”; Notes: Expression of lament or impending doom.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Preposition לְ + pronoun 3mp; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Indicates those upon whom the judgment falls.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for their woe.
- נָדְדוּ (naddu) – Root: נדד (nadad); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have wandered”; Notes: Refers to spiritual and moral estrangement from YHWH.
- מִמֶּנִּי (mimmenni) – Root: מן (min); Form: Preposition מִן + suffix 1cs; Translation: “from Me”; Notes: Indicates separation — departure from divine relationship and protection.
- שֹׁד (shod) – Root: שׁדד (shadad); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “destruction”; Notes: Denotes devastation or ruin as consequence of rebellion.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Preposition לְ + pronoun 3mp; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Repetition intensifies the pronouncement of woe and doom.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Connects the following clause explaining the reason for destruction.
- פָשְׁעוּ (pashʿu) – Root: פשע (pashaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have transgressed”; Notes: Conveys deliberate rebellion or defiance against YHWH.
- בִּי (bi) – Root: ב (bet); Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 1cs; Translation: “against Me”; Notes: Indicates the direct object of their offense — YHWH Himself.
- וְאָנֹכִי (ve-anokhi) – Root: אנכי (ʾanokhi); Form: Conjunction + independent pronoun 1cs; Translation: “and I”; Notes: Personal pronoun emphasizing divine contrast — YHWH’s intent to redeem versus their rebellion.
- אֶפְדֵּם (ʾefdem) – Root: פדה (padah); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person common singular + suffix 3mp; Translation: “I would redeem them”; Notes: Indicates divine willingness to deliver despite their disobedience.
- וְהֵמָּה (ve-hemmah) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Conjunction + independent pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “but they”; Notes: Contrasts YHWH’s redemptive purpose with the people’s deceitful response.
- דִּבְּרוּ (dibberu) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have spoken”; Notes: Emphasizes deliberate and repeated speech acts.
- עָלַי (ʿalay) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 1cs; Translation: “against Me”; Notes: Denotes hostile or slanderous speech directed toward YHWH.
- כְּזָבִים (kezavim) – Root: כזב (kazav); Form: Noun masculine plural with preposition כְּ; Translation: “lies”; Notes: Indicates deceitful and false words — hypocrisy in worship and faithlessness in covenant.