וְלֹֽא־זָעֲק֤וּ אֵלַי֙ בְּלִבָּ֔ם כִּ֥י יְיֵלִ֖ילוּ עַל־מִשְׁכְּבֹותָ֑ם עַל־דָּגָ֧ן וְתִירֹ֛ושׁ יִתְגֹּורָ֖רוּ יָס֥וּרוּ בִֽי׃
And they did not cry to Me with their heart, though they wail upon their beds; for grain and new wine they assemble themselves, they turn away from Me.
Morphology
- וְלֹא־זָעֲקוּ (ve-lo-zaʿaqu) – Root: זעק (zaʿaq); Form: Conjunction + negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they did not cry out”; Notes: Indicates absence of genuine repentance or prayer directed to YHWH.
- אֵלַי (ʾelay) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition אֶל + suffix 1cs; Translation: “to Me”; Notes: Direct object of the verb — YHWH is the one they refuse to seek sincerely.
- בְּלִבָּם (be-libam) – Root: לבב (levav); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3mp; Translation: “with their heart”; Notes: Refers to inward sincerity — contrasts with outward actions.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “though” or “for”; Notes: Introduces a contrastive or causal clause depending on interpretation.
- יְיֵלִילוּ (ye-yelilu) – Root: ילל (yalal); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they wail”; Notes: Describes outward lamentation or ritual mourning, devoid of true contrition.
- עַל־מִשְׁכְּבֹותָם (ʿal-mishkevotam) – Root: משׁכב (mishkav); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine plural + suffix 3mp; Translation: “upon their beds”; Notes: Indicates private lamentation, possibly during the night, showing grief over loss rather than sin.
- עַל־דָּגָן (ʿal-dagan) – Root: דגן (dagan); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for grain”; Notes: Specifies the cause of their lament — material loss, not spiritual need.
- וְתִירֹושׁ (ve-tirosh) – Root: תירושׁ (tirosh); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and new wine”; Notes: Paired with “grain,” representing agricultural prosperity and sustenance.
- יִתְגֹּורָרוּ (yitgoraru) – Root: גור (gur); Form: Hitpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they assemble themselves” or “they gather together”; Notes: Reflexive form indicating collective action for selfish or idolatrous purposes.
- יָסוּרוּ (yasuru) – Root: סור (sur); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they turn away”; Notes: Describes continued apostasy or moral defection from YHWH.
- בִּי (bi) – Root: ב (bet); Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 1cs; Translation: “from Me” or “against Me”; Notes: The preposition conveys separation or rejection — they turn away in defiance of YHWH.