בָּ֣אוּ יְמֵ֣י הַפְּקֻדָּ֗ה בָּ֚אוּ יְמֵ֣י הַשִׁלֻּ֔ם יֵדְע֖וּ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֱוִ֣יל הַנָּבִ֗יא מְשֻׁגָּע֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָר֔וּחַ עַ֚ל רֹ֣ב עֲוֹנְךָ֔ וְרַבָּ֖ה מַשְׂטֵמָֽה׃
The days of punishment have come, the days of recompense have come; Yisraʾel shall know it. The prophet is foolish, the man of the spirit is mad, because of the multitude of your iniquity and great is the hostility.
Morphology
- בָּאוּ (baʾu) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “have come”; Notes: Marks the fulfillment of divine warnings — the time of judgment has arrived.
- יְמֵי (yemei) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “days of”; Notes: Indicates a specific period of divine action — in this case, punishment or reckoning.
- הַפְּקֻדָּה (ha-pequddah) – Root: פקד (paqad); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the punishment” or “the visitation”; Notes: Refers to divine inspection or judgment — YHWH’s act of holding His people accountable.
- בָּאוּ (baʾu) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “have come”; Notes: Repetition emphasizes the certainty and immediacy of judgment.
- יְמֵי (yemei) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “days of”; Notes: Parallels the earlier phrase — the time of repayment has fully arrived.
- הַשִׁלֻּם (ha-shillum) – Root: שלם (shalam); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the recompense” or “the repayment”; Notes: Refers to divine retribution — justice matching Israel’s wrongdoing.
- יֵדְעוּ (yedʿu) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “shall know”; Notes: Indicates realization or acknowledgment — Yisraʾel will understand the consequences of its actions.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Represents the northern kingdom — the covenant people now facing divine discipline.
- אֱוִיל (ʾevil) – Root: אול (ʾawel); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “foolish”; Notes: Describes the false prophet’s moral and spiritual blindness.
- הַנָּבִיא (ha-naviʾ) – Root: נבא (naviʾ); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the prophet”; Notes: Refers either to false prophets or to prophetic office corrupted by sin.
- מְשֻׁגָּע (meshuggaʿ) – Root: שׁגע (shagaʿ); Form: Pual participle masculine singular; Translation: “is mad”; Notes: Suggests insanity or frenzy — spiritual delusion replacing inspiration.
- אִישׁ (ish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “the man”; Notes: Refers to the prophet as a representative individual of spiritual authority gone astray.
- הָרוּחַ (ha-ruaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the spirit”; Notes: Possibly refers to prophetic inspiration — now turned to madness and falsehood.
- עַל (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “because of” or “on account of”; Notes: Indicates the cause of this condition — moral corruption and guilt.
- רֹב (rov) – Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “the multitude of”; Notes: Expresses abundance or excess — in this case, of iniquity.
- עֲוֹנְךָ (ʿavonkha) – Root: עון (ʿavon); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 2ms; Translation: “your iniquity”; Notes: Refers to moral guilt and perversion of justice.
- וְרַבָּה (ve-rabbah) – Root: רבה (ravah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and great is”; Notes: Stresses the magnitude of sin or hostility.
- מַשְׂטֵמָה (masṭemah) – Root: שׂטם (saṭam); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “hostility” or “enmity”; Notes: Denotes pervasive hatred or antagonism — either among the people or toward YHWH’s true prophets.