Isaiah 2:20

בַּיֹּ֤ום הַהוּא֙ יַשְׁלִ֣יךְ הָאָדָ֔ם אֵ֚ת אֱלִילֵ֣י כַסְפֹּ֔ו וְאֵ֖ת אֱלִילֵ֣י זְהָבֹ֑ו אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָֽשׂוּ־לֹו֙ לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֹ֔ת לַחְפֹּ֥ר פֵּרֹ֖ות וְלָעֲטַלֵּפִֽים׃

In that day, man shall cast away his idols of silver and his idols of gold, which they made for him to bow down to, to the moles and to the bats.

Morphology

1. בַּיּוֹם (ba-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “in the day”; Notes: Introduces the eschatological time frame.
2. הַהוּא (ha-hu) – Root: הוא; Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Specifies “that day” of YHWH’s judgment.
3. יַשְׁלִיךְ (yashlikh) – Root: שלך; Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall cast away”; Notes: Strong act of rejection or disposal.
4. הָאָדָם (ha-adam) – Root: אדם; Form: Noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the man”; Notes: Refers to humanity generally.
5. אֵת (et) – Form: Definite direct object marker; Translation: — ; Notes: Introduces the direct object of the verb.
6. אֱלִילֵי כַסְפּוֹ (elilei kaspo) – Root: אלל, כסף; Form: Construct plural noun + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his idols of silver”; Notes: Represents wealth-based idolatry.
7. וְאֵת (ve-et) – Form: Conjunction + definite direct object marker; Translation: “and”; Notes: Introduces second direct object.
8. אֱלִילֵי זְהָבוֹ (elilei zehavo) – Root: אלל, זהב; Form: Construct plural noun + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his idols of gold”; Notes: Parallel to silver—emphasizes totality of idol rejection.
9. אֲשֶׁר (asher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause.
10. עָשׂוּ־לוֹ (ʿasu-lo) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “they made for him”; Notes: Refers to the crafting of idols for worship.
11. לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת (le-hishtachăvot) – Root: שׁחה; Form: Hitpael infinitive construct; Translation: “to bow down”; Notes: Indicates the purpose of the idols—worship.
12. לַחְפֹּר פֵּרוֹת (la-ḥpor perot) – Root: חפר; Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural; Translation: “to the moles”; Notes: Likely burrowing creatures; symbolic of hiding in dark, lowly places.
13. וְלָעֲטַלֵּפִים (ve-la-ʿatallefim) – Root: עטלף; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and to the bats”; Notes: Creatures of darkness, unclean in Torah law—symbolizing shame and rejection.