וּבָ֨אוּ֙ בִּמְעָרֹ֣ות צֻרִ֔ים וּבִמְחִלֹּ֖ות עָפָ֑ר מִפְּנֵ֞י פַּ֤חַד יְהוָה֙ וּמֵהֲדַ֣ר גְּאֹונֹ֔ו בְּקוּמֹ֖ו לַעֲרֹ֥ץ הָאָֽרֶץ׃
And they shall enter into the caves of the rocks and into the holes of the dust, from before the terror of YHWH and from the splendor of His majesty, when He arises to shake the earth.
Morphology
- וּבָאוּ (uvaʾu) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and they shall enter”; Notes: Indicates movement into hiding places out of fear.
- בִּמְעָרֹות (bi-meʿarot) – Root: מערה; Form: Preposition + noun feminine plural; Translation: “into the caves”; Notes: Places of concealment in mountainous terrain.
- צוּרִים (tsurim) – Root: צור; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “of rocks”; Notes: Rocky cliffs or crags where caves are found.
- וּבִמְחִלֹּות (u-vi-meḥillot) – Root: מחל; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine plural; Translation: “and into the holes”; Notes: Underground or dugout places, further indicating fear and desperation.
- עָפָר (ʿafar) – Root: עפר; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “of dust”; Notes: Low, earthy places; associated with humiliation and mortality.
- מִפְּנֵי (mi-penei) – Root: פנה; Form: Preposition + construct noun masculine plural; Translation: “from before”; Notes: Introduces the reason for fleeing.
- פַּחַד (paḥad) – Root: פחד; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “terror”; Notes: Divine dread or overwhelming fear.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The object of the fear described.
- וּמֵהֲדַר (u-mehadar) – Root: הדר; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and from the splendor of”; Notes: Describes majestic radiance.
- גְּאֹונֹו (geʾono) – Root: גאה; Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His majesty”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s exalted glory.
- בְּקוּמֹו (be-qumo) – Root: קום; Form: Preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “when He arises”; Notes: Describes divine action of intervention or judgment.
- לַעֲרֹץ (laʿarots) – Root: ערץ; Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to terrify” or “to shake terribly”; Notes: Often connected with divine upheaval or judgment.
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Refers to the whole land or world under divine judgment.