מִֽי־פָעַ֣ל וְעָשָׂ֔ה קֹרֵ֥א הַדֹּרֹ֖ות מֵרֹ֑אשׁ אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ רִאשֹׁ֔ון וְאֶת־אַחֲרֹנִ֖ים אֲנִי־הֽוּא׃
Who has wrought and done it, calling the generations from the beginning? I, YHWH, am the first, and with the last—I am He.
Morphology
- מִֽי־ (mi) – Root: מי; Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question.
- פָעַ֣ל (faʿal) – Root: פעל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has wrought”; Notes: Refers to initiating or accomplishing an act.
- וְעָשָׂ֔ה (ve-ʿasah) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and done [it]”; Notes: Reinforces the creative or active work.
- קֹרֵ֥א (qoreʾ) – Root: קרא; Form: Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “calling”; Notes: Ongoing action; sets the subject as one who continually summons.
- הַדֹּרֹ֖ות (ha-dorot) – Root: דור; Form: Noun masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “the generations”; Notes: Plural form referring to eras or human lineages.
- מֵרֹ֑אשׁ (me-roʾsh) – Root: ראשׁ; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the beginning”; Notes: Indicates origin in time.
- אֲנִ֤י (ʾani) – Root: אנכי / אני; Form: Independent pronoun; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphatic identification of the speaker.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Tetragrammaton, the covenantal name of God.
- רִאשֹׁ֔ון (riʾshon) – Root: ראשׁ; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “first”; Notes: Denotes precedence in time or rank.
- וְאֶת־ (ve-et) – Root: את; Form: Conjunction + object marker; Translation: “and [with]”; Notes: Introduces the next object in parallelism.
- אַחֲרֹנִ֖ים (ʾaḥaronim) – Root: אחר; Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “the last [ones]”; Notes: May refer to future generations or the end times.
- אֲנִי־הֽוּא׃ (ʾani-hu) – Root: הוא; Form: Independent pronouns with emphatic apposition; Translation: “I am He”; Notes: Strong self-identification formula, expressing eternal constancy and sovereign identity.