רָא֤וּ אִיִּים֙ וְיִירָ֔אוּ קְצֹ֥ות הָאָ֖רֶץ יֶחֱרָ֑דוּ קָרְב֖וּ וַיֶּאֱתָיֽוּן׃
The coastlands saw and feared; the ends of the earth trembled; they drew near and came.
Morphology
- רָא֤וּ (raʾu) – Root: ראה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they saw”; Notes: Refers to the nations (implicit subject) witnessing a significant event.
- אִיִּים֙ (ʾiyyim) – Root: אי; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “coastlands” or “islands”; Notes: Symbolic of distant nations or maritime peoples.
- וְיִירָ֔אוּ (ve-yiraʾu) – Root: ירא; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person plural with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and they feared”; Notes: Reaction to divine or powerful action.
- קְצֹ֥ות (qetsot) – Root: קצה; Form: Noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “ends”; Notes: Used in construct with “the earth.”
- הָאָ֖רֶץ (ha-ʾarets) – Root: ארץ; Form: Noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Completes the phrase “ends of the earth.”
- יֶחֱרָ֑דוּ (yeḥeradu) – Root: חרד; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they trembled”; Notes: Conveys intense fear or shaking.
- קָרְב֖וּ (qarvu) – Root: קרב; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they drew near”; Notes: Indicates physical or figurative approach.
- וַיֶּאֱתָיֽוּן (va-yeʾetayun) – Root: אתה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person plural with vav-consecutive (Aramaism); Translation: “and they came”; Notes: Aramaic-influenced form, relatively rare in Biblical Hebrew.