Isaiah 65:18

כִּֽי־אִם־שִׂ֤ישׂוּ וְגִ֨ילוּ֙ עֲדֵי־עַ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲנִ֣י בֹורֵ֑א כִּי֩ הִנְנִ֨י בֹורֵ֧א אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם גִּילָ֖ה וְעַמָּ֥הּ מָשֹֽׂושׂ׃

But rather rejoice and exult forever in what I am creating, for behold, I am creating Yerushalayim as exultation and her people as joy.

Morphology

1. כִּֽי־ (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For” / “But”; Notes: Introduces a causal or contrastive clause, depending on context.
2. אִם־ (ʾim) – Root: אם; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Rather” / “Surely”; Notes: In idiomatic Hebrew with “כי,” often conveys contrastive or emphatic nuance (“but rather”).
3. שִׂ֤ישׂוּ (sisu) – Root: שׂושׂ; Form: Qal imperative 2nd person plural; Translation: “Rejoice!”; Notes: Call to joyful action; imperative mood.
4. וְגִ֨ילוּ֙ (ve-gilu) – Root: גיל; Form: Qal imperative 2nd person plural; Translation: “and exult!”; Notes: Parallel to previous imperative; joined by vav-conjunction.
5. עֲדֵי־עַ֔ד (ʿadei-ʿad) – Root: עד; Form: Preposition + noun (construct phrase); Translation: “forever”; Notes: Repetition adds emphasis and intensity.
6. אֲשֶׁ֖ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that / which”; Notes: Introduces relative clause referring to divine action.
7. אֲנִ֣י (ʾani) – Root: אני; Form: Pronoun, 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Subject of the following participle.
8. בֹורֵ֑א (boreʾ) – Root: ברא; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “am creating”; Notes: Presentative form indicating divine ongoing creative action.
9. כִּי֩ (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Reaffirms or explains the preceding imperative with a reason.
10. הִנְנִ֨י (hinneni) – Root: הן; Form: Demonstrative interjection + 1st person singular pronoun suffix; Translation: “Behold, I”; Notes: Expresses emphasis or solemn introduction of divine action.
11. בֹורֵ֧א (boreʾ) – Root: ברא; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “am creating”; Notes: Repetition stresses creative initiative of YHWH.
12. אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם (et-Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלים; Form: Direct object marker + proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: Direct object of the participle.
13. גִּילָ֖ה (gilah) – Root: גיל; Form: Noun feminine singular (or adjective in apposition); Translation: “as exultation”; Notes: Appositional complement to Yerushalayim; possibly indicating purpose or state.
14. וְעַמָּ֥הּ (ve-ʿammah) – Root: עם; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and her people”; Notes: Refers to the inhabitants of the city.
15. מָשֹֽׂושׂ (masos) – Root: שׂושׂ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “as joy”; Notes: Parallel structure to previous clause, describing emotional transformation.