עֲ֠וֹנֹתֵיכֶם וַעֲוֹנֹ֨ת אֲבֹותֵיכֶ֤ם יַחְדָּו֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר קִטְּרוּ֙ עַל־הֶ֣הָרִ֔ים וְעַל־הַגְּבָעֹ֖ות חֵרְפ֑וּנִי וּמַדֹּתִ֧י פְעֻלָּתָ֛ם רִֽאשֹׁנָ֖ה עַל־חֵיקָֽם׃ ס
Your iniquities and the iniquities of your fathers together,” says YHWH, “who burned incense upon the mountains and reproached me upon the hills, I will measure their former deed into their bosom.”
Morphology
- עֲוֹנֹתֵיכֶם (ʿavonoteikhem) – Root: עון (ʿavon); Form: Noun feminine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your iniquities”; Notes: Refers to the sins of the current generation.
- וַעֲוֹנֹ֨ת (va-ʿavonot) – Root: עון (ʿavon); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “and the iniquities of”; Notes: Connects generational sins.
- אֲבֹותֵיכֶ֤ם (avoteikhem) – Root: אב (ʾav); Form: Noun masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your fathers”; Notes: Refers to ancestral guilt shared by the people.
- יַחְדָּו (yaḥdav) – Root: יחד (yaḥad); Form: Adverb; Translation: “together”; Notes: Indicates joint culpability of both generations.
- אָמַ֣ר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Introduces the divine speech.
- יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: היה (haya); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, referring to the God of Yisraʾel.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces the clause describing the reason for judgment.
- קִטְּרוּ (qitteru) – Root: קטר (qatar); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they burned incense”; Notes: Refers to idolatrous worship on high places.
- עַל־הֶהָרִים (ʿal-he-harim) – Root: הר (har); Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “upon the mountains”; Notes: High places often associated with idol worship.
- וְעַל־הַגְּבָעֹות (ve-ʿal-ha-gevʿot) – Root: גבעה (gevaʿ); Form: Conjunction + preposition + definite noun feminine plural; Translation: “and upon the hills”; Notes: Parallel expression reinforcing the imagery of forbidden worship sites.
- חֵרְפוּנִי (ḥerfuni) – Root: חרף (ḥaraf); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “they reproached me”; Notes: Indicates contempt or insult toward YHWH.
- וּמַדֹּתִי (u-maddoti) – Root: מדד (madad); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I will measure”; Notes: Judicial action—YHWH will repay in measure.
- פְעֻלָּתָם (feʿullatam) – Root: פעל (paʿal); Form: Noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their deed”; Notes: Refers to their actions, especially idolatrous ones.
- רִאשֹׁנָה (riʾshonah) – Root: ראשׁ (rosh); Form: Adjective feminine singular; Translation: “former”; Notes: Indicates that past sins are being remembered and repaid.
- עַל־חֵיקָם (ʿal-ḥeiqam) – Root: חיק (ḥeiq); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “into their bosom”; Notes: A Hebrew idiom indicating personal and direct retribution.