הִרְבִּ֣יתָ הַגֹּ֔וי לֹא הִגְדַּ֣לְתָּ הַשִּׂמְחָ֑ה שָׂמְח֤וּ לְפָנֶ֨יךָ֙ כְּשִׂמְחַ֣ת בַּקָּצִ֔יר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָגִ֖ילוּ בְּחַלְּקָ֥ם שָׁלָֽל׃
* כ : לֹא
* ק : לוֹ
You have multiplied the nation—You have not increased the joy. They rejoice before You as with the joy at the harvest, as men exult when they divide spoil.
הִרְבִּ֣יתָ הַגֹּ֔וי ל֥וֹ הִגְדַּ֣לְתָּ הַשִּׂמְחָ֑ה שָׂמְח֤וּ לְפָנֶ֨יךָ֙ כְּשִׂמְחַ֣ת בַּקָּצִ֔יר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָגִ֖ילוּ בְּחַלְּקָ֥ם שָׁלָֽל׃
You have multiplied the nation; You have increased its joy. They rejoice before You as with the joy at the harvest, as men exult when they divide spoil.
Morphology
- הִרְבִּ֣יתָ (hirbita) – Root: רבה (ravah); Form: Hifil perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You have multiplied”; Notes: Indicates significant increase, often of population or strength.
- הַגֹּ֔וי (ha-goy) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the nation”; Notes: Likely refers to Yisraʾel in prophetic context.
- ל֥וֹ (lo) – Root: ל + הוא; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to it” or “for it”; Notes: Qere reading, contrasts with ketiv לֹא (“not”). Indicates indirect object of the following verb.
- הִגְדַּ֣לְתָּ (higdalta) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Hifil perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You have increased”; Notes: Describes the intensification or magnification of joy.
- הַשִּׂמְחָ֑ה (ha-simḥah) – Root: שמח (samach); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the joy”; Notes: Emotional or celebratory response from the people.
- שָׂמְח֤וּ (samḥu) – Root: שמח (samach); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they rejoiced”; Notes: Action of gladness resulting from divine intervention.
- לְפָנֶ֨יךָ (lefanekha) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “before You”; Notes: Depicts rejoicing in YHWH’s presence.
- כְּשִׂמְחַ֣ת (ke-simḥat) – Root: שמח (samach); Form: Preposition + construct noun feminine singular; Translation: “as the joy of”; Notes: Comparative simile to harvest celebration.
- בַּקָּצִ֔יר (ba-qatsir) – Root: קצר (qatsar); Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the harvest”; Notes: Symbol of abundance and reward.
- כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר (ka-ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Preposition + relative pronoun; Translation: “as when”; Notes: Introduces second simile.
- יָגִ֖ילוּ (yagilu) – Root: גיל (gil); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they exult”; Notes: Intense joyful exclamation.
- בְּחַלְּקָ֥ם (be-ḥalleqam) – Root: חלק (ḥalaq); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural with 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “when they divide”; Notes: Refers to apportioning loot or reward.
- שָׁלָֽל (shalal) – Root: שלל (shalal); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “spoil”; Notes: Military metaphor—joy after victory.