Jeremiah 20:16

וְהָיָה֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא כֶּֽעָרִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־הָפַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א נִחָ֑ם וְשָׁמַ֤ע זְעָקָה֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וּתְרוּעָ֖ה בְּעֵ֥ת צָהֳרָֽיִם׃

And let that man be like the cities which YHWH overthrew and did not relent, and let him hear a cry in the morning and an alarm at noonday.

Morphology

1. וְהָיָה֙ (ve-hayah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (converted imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And let him be”; Notes: Expresses volition in context—“let him become.”
2. הָאִ֣ישׁ (haʾish) – Root: אישׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the man”; Notes: Subject of the clause.
3. הַה֔וּא (ha-hu) – Root: הוא; Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Specifies which man is meant.
4. כֶּֽעָרִ֛ים (ke-ʿarim) – Root: עיר; Form: Preposition + noun feminine plural; Translation: “like the cities”; Notes: Comparative structure.
5. אֲשֶׁר־הָפַ֥ךְ (ʾasher hafakh) – Root: הפך; Form: Relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “which overthrew”; Notes: Refers to divine destruction (e.g., Sedom and ʿAmorah).
6. יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: Divine Name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the verb “overthrew.”
7. וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and did not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
8. נִחָ֑ם (niḥam) – Root: נחם; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “relent”; Notes: In the Nifal, often means to be sorry, to relent, or to repent.
9. וְשָׁמַ֤ע (ve-shamaʿ) – Root: שמע; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and let him hear”; Notes: Expressed as volition in context—“let him hear.”
10. זְעָקָה֙ (zeʿaqah) – Root: זעק; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a cry”; Notes: Often denotes a loud cry of distress.
11. בַּבֹּ֔קֶר (ba-boqer) – Root: בקר; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the morning”; Notes: Indicates time of the cry.
12. וּתְרוּעָ֖ה (u-teruʿah) – Root: רוע; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and an alarm”; Notes: Can refer to a trumpet blast or battle cry.
13. בְּעֵ֥ת (be-ʿet) – Root: עת; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “at the time of”; Notes: Indicates time of event.
14. צָהֳרָֽיִם (tsohorayim) – Root: צהר; Form: Noun dual form; Translation: “noonday”; Notes: Indicates the hottest part of the day, symbolic of full exposure.