וְאִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נִשְׁבַּ֥ע בַּמִּצְפָּ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר אִ֣ישׁ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ לֹא־יִתֵּ֥ן בִּתֹּ֛ו לְבִנְיָמִ֖ן לְאִשָּֽׁה׃
And the men of Yisraʾel swore in the Mitzpa, saying, “No man among us shall give his daughter to Binyamin for a wife.”
Morphology
- וְאִ֣ישׁ (ve-ish) – Root: איש (ish); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “And the men”; Notes: Refers collectively to the Israelites.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the Israelite nation.
- נִשְׁבַּ֥ע (nishbaʿ) – Root: שבע (shavaʿ); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “swore”; Notes: Indicates a solemn oath.
- בַּמִּצְפָּ֖ה (ba-Mitzpah) – Root: מצפה (Mitzpah); Form: Proper noun with definite article; Translation: “in the Mitzpah”; Notes: A location where oaths were made.
- לֵאמֹ֑ר (lemor) – Root: אמר (amar); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- אִ֣ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש (ish); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “man”; Notes: Refers to individual members of Israel.
- מִמֶּ֔נּוּ (mimmenu) – Root: מן (min) + אנחנו (anaḥnu); Form: Preposition with 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “from among us”; Notes: Refers to the collective group.
- לֹא־יִתֵּ֥ן (lo-yitten) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall not give”; Notes: Expresses a prohibition.
- בִּתֹּ֛ו (bito) – Root: בת (bat); Form: Noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his daughter”; Notes: Refers to the daughters of the Israelites.
- לְבִנְיָמִ֖ן (le-Binyamin) – Root: בנימין (Binyamin); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “to Binyamin”; Notes: The tribe that was prohibited from receiving wives.
- לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ (le-ishah) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Noun, feminine singular with preposition; Translation: “for a wife”; Notes: Specifies marriage as the context of the prohibition.