הַגֶּ֣פֶן הֹובִ֔ישָׁה וְהַתְּאֵנָ֖ה אֻמְלָ֑לָה רִמֹּ֞ון גַּם־תָּמָ֣ר וְתַפּ֗וּחַ כָּל־עֲצֵ֤י הַשָּׂדֶה֙ יָבֵ֔שׁוּ כִּֽי־הֹבִ֥ישׁ שָׂשֹׂ֖ון מִן־בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ ס
The vine is dried up, and the fig tree languishes; the pomegranate, the palm also, and the apple—all the trees of the field are dried up, for joy has withered away from the sons of man.
Morphology
- הַגֶּפֶן (ha-gefen) – Root: גפן; Form: Definite noun feminine singular with article הַ; Translation: “the vine”; Notes: Symbol of abundance and joy; its withering signifies the end of prosperity.
- הֹובִישָׁה (hovishah) – Root: יבשׁ; Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “has dried up”; Notes: Causative form meaning “has become withered”; describes the loss of vitality.
- וְהַתְּאֵנָה (ve-ha-te’enah) – Root: תאנ; Form: Conjunction וְ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the fig tree”; Notes: Common fruit tree of Yisraʾel; often paired with the vine as a symbol of peace and plenty.
- אֻמְלָלָה (umlalah) – Root: אמלל; Form: Pual perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “is languishing,” “is withered”; Notes: Expresses weakness and decay, especially of plants or people under affliction.
- רִמֹּון (rimmon) – Root: רמן; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “pomegranate”; Notes: A symbol of fertility and beauty; its loss heightens the imagery of total desolation.
- גַּם (gam) – Root: גם; Form: Adverb; Translation: “also,” “even”; Notes: Adds further elements to the list of ruined trees.
- תָּמָר (tamar) – Root: תמר; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “palm tree”; Notes: Associated with fruitfulness and triumph; its withering underscores the loss of national strength.
- וְתַפּוּחַ (ve-tappuaḥ) – Root: תפח; Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the apple tree”; Notes: Possibly a general term for fragrant or fruit-bearing trees; now dried up along with the others.
- כָּל (kol) – Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Introduces the totality of the devastation affecting every tree of the field.
- עֲצֵי (ʿatsei) – Root: עץ; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “trees of”; Notes: Construct state linking to “field.”
- הַשָּׂדֶה (ha-sadeh) – Root: שׂדה; Form: Definite noun masculine singular with article הַ; Translation: “the field”; Notes: Represents cultivated land and nature’s productivity.
- יָבֵשׁוּ (yaveshu) – Root: יבשׁ; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “have dried up”; Notes: Describes total desiccation and ruin of all vegetation.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for,” “because”; Notes: Introduces the reason behind the physical devastation.
- הֹבִישׁ (hovish) – Root: יבשׁ; Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has withered,” “has dried up”; Notes: Used figuratively of joy or gladness fading away.
- שָׂשֹׂון (sason) – Root: שׂושׂ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “joy,” “gladness”; Notes: Denotes festive happiness; its loss signifies despair and grief among humanity.
- מִן (min) – Root: מן; Form: Preposition; Translation: “from”; Notes: Expresses separation—joy has departed from mankind.
- בְּנֵי (bene) – Root: בן; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “sons of”; Notes: A construct relationship with “man.”
- אָדָם (adam) – Root: אדם; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “man,” “humankind”; Notes: Represents all humanity; the joy of human life has perished with the land’s fertility.