וְלֹא־תֹוצִ֨יאוּ מַשָּׂ֤א מִבָּֽתֵּיכֶם֙ בְּיֹ֣ום הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וְכָל־מְלָאכָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַֽעֲשׂ֑וּ וְקִדַּשְׁתֶּם֙ אֶת־יֹ֣ום הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי אֶת־אֲבֹותֵיכֶֽם׃
And do not bring out a burden from your houses on the day of the Shabbat, and you shall not do any work; and you shall sanctify the day of the Shabbat, as I commanded your fathers.
Morphology
- וְלֹא־תֹוצִ֨יאוּ (ve-lo totziʾu) – Root: יצא; Form: Conjunction + negative particle + Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and do not bring out”; Notes: Prohibition against transporting burdens on Shabbat.
- מַשָּׂ֤א (masa) – Root: נשא; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a burden”; Notes: Refers to physical loads typically carried in work or trade.
- מִבָּֽתֵּיכֶם (mi-batteikhem) – Root: בית; Form: Preposition מִן + plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “from your houses”; Notes: Specifies the origin of the burden—private domain.
- בְּיֹ֣ום (be-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “on the day”; Notes: Time indicator for the Shabbat command.
- הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת (ha-shabbat) – Root: שׁבת; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the Shabbat”; Notes: The seventh day, consecrated for rest.
- וְכָל־מְלָאכָ֖ה (ve-khol-melakhah) – Root: מלא; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular in construct; Translation: “and any work”; Notes: General prohibition against labor.
- לֹ֣א תַֽעֲשׂ֑וּ (lo taʿasu) – Root: עשה; Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall not do”; Notes: Prohibition of activity on Shabbat.
- וְקִדַּשְׁתֶּם (ve-kiddashtem) – Root: קדשׁ; Form: Piel perfect 2nd person masculine plural with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and you shall sanctify”; Notes: Command to treat Shabbat as holy and distinct.
- אֶת־יֹ֣ום (et-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine singular; Translation: “the day of”; Notes: Introduces the object of the verb “sanctify.”
- הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת (ha-shabbat) – Root: שׁבת; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the Shabbat”; Notes: The day itself is to be set apart by refraining from labor.
- כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר (kaʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Preposition כְּ + relative particle; Translation: “as” or “according to what”; Notes: Introduces the precedent or prior command.
- צִוִּ֖יתִי (tzivviti) – Root: צוה; Form: Piel perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I commanded”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s earlier instruction to the ancestors.
- אֶת־אֲבֹותֵיכֶֽם (et-avotekhem) – Root: אב; Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine plural with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your fathers”; Notes: Indicates historical continuity of the Shabbat command.