הַֽעַל־אֵ֥לֶּה לֹוא־אֶפְקֹ֖ד נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֑ה וְאִם֙ בְּגֹ֣וי אֲשֶׁר־כָּזֶ֔ה לֹ֥א תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם נַפְשִֽׁי׃ ס
“Shall I not punish for these things?” declares YHWH, “and on a nation such as this, shall My soul not take vengeance?
Morphology
- הַֽעַל־אֵ֥לֶּה (haʿal-elleh) – Root: אלה (elleh); Form: Interrogative particle + preposition על + demonstrative plural; Translation: “for these things”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question of judgment.
- לֹוא־אֶפְקֹ֖ד (lo-efqod) – Root: פקד (paqad); Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “shall I not punish”; Notes: Rhetorical structure implies certain punishment.
- נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֑ה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun construct + proper divine name; Translation: “utterance of YHWH”; Notes: Prophetic formula affirming divine authority.
- וְאִם֙ (ve-im) – Root: אם (im); Form: Conjunction + conditional particle; Translation: “and if”; Notes: Introduces second rhetorical question.
- בְּגֹ֣וי (be-goy) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “on a nation”; Notes: Refers to the people deserving judgment.
- אֲשֶׁר־כָּזֶ֔ה (asher-kazeh) – Roots: אשר (ʾasher), זה (zeh); Form: Relative particle + demonstrative adjective; Translation: “such as this”; Notes: Characterizes the nation in question.
- לֹ֥א תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם (lo-titnaqqem) – Root: נקם (naqam); Form: Negative particle + Hitpael imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “shall not be avenged”; Notes: Reflexive form emphasizing personal vengeance.
- נַפְשִֽׁי (nafshi) – Root: נפשׁ (nefesh); Form: Noun feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “My soul”; Notes: Represents YHWH’s inner being or will.