כִּ֣י קֹ֥ול נְהִ֛י נִשְׁמַ֥ע מִצִּיֹּ֖ון אֵ֣יךְ שֻׁדָּ֑דְנוּ בֹּ֤שְׁנֽוּ מְאֹד֙ כִּֽי־עָזַ֣בְנוּ אָ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י הִשְׁלִ֖יכוּ מִשְׁכְּנֹותֵֽינוּ׃ ס
For a voice of lamentation is heard from Tsiyyon: “How we are plundered! We are greatly ashamed, for we have left the land, for they have cast down our dwellings.”
Morphology
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces an explanatory or causal clause.
- קֹול (qol) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a voice”; Notes: Subject of the clause—what is being heard.
- נְהִי (nehi) – Root: נהה (naha); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “lamentation”; Notes: Refers to the sound of mourning or wailing.
- נִשְׁמַע (nishmaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is heard”; Notes: Passive form emphasizing the reception of sound.
- מִצִּיֹּון (mi-Tsiyon) – Root: ציון (Tsiyon); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “from Tsiyon”; Notes: Indicates the origin of the lament.
- אֵיךְ (eikh) – Root: איך (eikh); Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “How”; Notes: Expresses astonishment or despair.
- שֻׁדָּדְנוּ (shuddadnu) – Root: שדד (shadad); Form: Pual perfect 1st person plural; Translation: “we are plundered”; Notes: Passive intensive; emphasizes total devastation.
- בֹּשְׁנוּ (boshnu) – Root: בוש (bosh); Form: Qal perfect 1st person plural; Translation: “we are ashamed”; Notes: Expresses emotional reaction to disgrace.
- מְאֹד (meʾod) – Root: מאד (meʾod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “greatly”; Notes: Intensifies the degree of shame.
- כִּי־עָזַבְנוּ (ki-ʿazavnu) – Root: עזב (ʿazav); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person plural; Translation: “for we have left”; Notes: Provides a reason for the shame.
- אָרֶץ (ʾaretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾaretz); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the homeland of Yisraʾel.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces another explanatory clause.
- הִשְׁלִיכוּ (hishlikhu) – Root: שלך (shalakh); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have cast down”; Notes: Causative verb indicating violent displacement.
- מִשְׁכְּנֹותֵינוּ (mishkenoteinu) – Root: שכן (shakhan); Form: Noun masculine plural + 1st person plural suffix in construct; Translation: “our dwellings”; Notes: Symbol of settled life and belonging, now overthrown.