כִּֽי־שְׁמַ֤עְנָה נָשִׁים֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה וְתִקַּ֥ח אָזְנְכֶ֖ם דְּבַר־פִּ֑יו וְלַמֵּ֤דְנָה בְנֹֽותֵיכֶם֙ נֶ֔הִי וְאִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָ֖הּ קִינָֽה׃
For hear, O women, the word of YHWH, and let your ear receive the word of His mouth, and teach your daughters lamentation, and every woman her neighbor a dirge.
Morphology
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces a command or explanatory statement.
- שְׁמַנָה (shemʿanah) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal imperative feminine plural; Translation: “hear”; Notes: Direct command to the women to heed divine instruction.
- נָשִׁים (nashim) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “women”; Notes: The subject being addressed.
- דְּבַר־יְהוָה (devar-YHWH) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Construct noun masculine singular + divine name; Translation: “the word of YHWH”; Notes: Refers to prophetic or divine speech.
- וְתִקַּח (ve-tiqqaḥ) – Root: לקח (laqach); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular jussive with vav; Translation: “and let [your ear] receive”; Notes: Jussive nuance expressing encouragement or obligation.
- אָזְנְכֶם (oznekhem) – Root: אזן (ozen); Form: Noun feminine singular with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your ear”; Notes: Represents attentiveness and receptivity.
- דְּבַר־פִּיו (devar-piv) – Root: דבר (davar), פה (peh); Form: Construct noun + noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “the word of His mouth”; Notes: Emphasizes the source of divine authority.
- וְלַמֵּדְנָה (ve-lammednah) – Root: למד (lamad); Form: Piel imperative feminine plural with vav; Translation: “and teach”; Notes: Command to pass down mourning practices.
- בְנֹותֵיכֶם (venoteikhem) – Root: בת (bat); Form: Noun feminine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your daughters”; Notes: Target of the teaching.
- נֶהִי (nehi) – Root: נהה (naha); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “lamentation”; Notes: Funeral or communal wailing.
- וְאִשָּׁה (ve-ishah) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Noun feminine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and every woman”; Notes: Refers to each woman individually.
- רְעוּתָהּ (reʿutah) – Root: רעה (raʿah); Form: Noun feminine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her neighbor”; Notes: Suggests peer-to-peer instruction among women.
- קִינָה (qinah) – Root: קונ (qin); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a dirge”; Notes: Structured lament, often poetic and liturgical in nature.