וְנִלְווּ֩ גֹויִ֨ם רַבִּ֤ים אֶל־יְהוָה֙ בַּיֹּ֣ום הַה֔וּא וְהָ֥יוּ לִ֖י לְעָ֑ם וְשָׁכַנְתִּ֣י בְתֹוכֵ֔ךְ וְיָדַ֕עַתְּ כִּי־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֹ֖ות שְׁלָחַ֥נִי אֵלָֽיִךְ׃
“And many nations shall join themselves to YHWH in that day, and they shall be to me for a people, and I will dwell in your midst, and you shall know that YHWH of Hosts has sent me to you.
Morphology
- וְנִלְווּ (ve-nilvu) — Root: לוה (lavah); Form: Conjunction + Niphal perfect 3mp; Translation: “and shall join themselves”; Notes: Niphal expresses passive/reflexive joining to YHWH.
- גֹויִם (goyim) — Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Gentile nations becoming attached to YHWH.
- רַבִּים (rabbim) — Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “many”; Notes: Emphasizes extent and inclusivity.
- אֶל־יְהוָה (el-YHWH) — Root: אל (ʾel) + יהוה (YHWH); Form: Preposition אֶל + proper divine name; Translation: “to YHWH”; Notes: Direction of their allegiance.
- בַּיּוֹם (ba-yom) — Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day”; Notes: Marks eschatological timing.
- הַהוּא (ha-hu) — Root: הוא (hu); Form: Demonstrative masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Refers to the prophesied future day.
- וְהָיוּ (ve-hayu) — Root: היה (hayah); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “and they shall be”; Notes: Indicates status change of the nations.
- לִי (li) — Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 1cs; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Belonging to YHWH.
- לְעָם (le-ʿam) — Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for a people”; Notes: Covenantal designation.
- וְשָׁכַנְתִּי (ve-shakhanti) — Root: שכן (shakan); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 1cs; Translation: “and I will dwell”; Notes: Perfect with future meaning in prophetic speech.
- בְתֹוכֵךְ (be-tokhekh) — Root: תוך (tokh); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular + suffix 2fs; Translation: “in your midst”; Notes: Addressed to Tsiyon as feminine.
- וְיָדַעְתְּ (ve-yadaʿt) — Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 2fs; Translation: “and you shall know”; Notes: Recognition formula directed to Tsiyon.
- כִּי (ki) — Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the content of acknowledgment.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) — Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The sender of the messenger.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) — Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Military and cosmic title.
- שְׁלָחַנִי (shelachani) — Root: שלח (shalach); Form: Qal perfect 3ms + suffix 1cs; Translation: “has sent me”; Notes: Divine authorization of the messenger.
- אֵלָיִךְ (elaiykh) — Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition אֶל + suffix 2fs; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Addressed to Tsiyon personified as feminine.