Zechariah 3:1

וַיַּרְאֵ֗נִי אֶת־יְהֹושֻׁ֨עַ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּדֹ֔ול עֹמֵ֕ד לִפְנֵ֖י מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֑ה וְהַשָּׂטָ֛ן עֹמֵ֥ד עַל־יְמִינֹ֖ו לְשִׂטְנֹֽו׃

And he showed me Yehoshua the great priest standing before the messenger of YHWH, and the Satan standing at his right hand to accuse him.

Morphology

1. וַיַּרְאֵנִי (va-yarʾeni) — Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Conjunction + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + suffix 1cs; Translation: “And he showed me”; Notes: Hiphil indicates causative action — causing the prophet to see.
2. אֶת (et) — Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct-object marker; Translation: “—”; Notes: Marks Yehoshua as the object of the vision.
3. יְהֹושֻׁעַ (Yehoshua) — Root: יהושׁע (Yehoshua); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehoshua”; Notes: The high priest of the post-exilic community.
4. הַכֹּהֵן (ha-kohen) — Root: כהן (kohen); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the priest”; Notes: Title identifying Yehoshua’s office.
5. הַגָּדֹול (ha-gadol) — Root: גדל (gadol); Form: Definite adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the great”; Notes: Refers to the rank of “High Priest.”
6. עֹמֵד (omed) — Root: עמד (ʿamad); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “standing”; Notes: Describes Yehoshua’s posture before YHWH’s messenger.
7. לִפְנֵי (lifnei) — Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates standing in a position of judgment or service.
8. מַלְאַךְ (malʾakh) — Root: מלך (malʾakh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “messenger”; Notes: Used here for a heavenly messenger of YHWH.
9. יְהוָה (YHWH) — Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Specifies whose messenger appears.
10. וְהַשָּׂטָן (ve-ha-satan) — Root: שׂטן (satan); Form: Conjunction + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the accuser”; Notes: A heavenly adversarial figure who prosecutes.
11. עֹמֵד (omed) — Root: עמד (ʿamad); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “standing”; Notes: Parallel participle to Yehoshua’s, contrasting positions.
12. עַל־יְמִינֹו (ʿal-yemino) — Root: ימין (yamin); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “at his right hand”; Notes: Position of accusation in ancient court imagery.
13. לְשִׂטְנֹו (le-sitno) — Root: שׂטן (satan); Form: Preposition לְ + infinitive construct + suffix 3ms; Translation: “to accuse him”; Notes: Expresses purpose — the accuser’s intent.