Joshua 19:11

וְעָלָ֨ה גְבוּלָ֧ם לַיָּ֛מָּה וּמַרְעֲלָ֖ה וּפָגַ֣ע בְּדַבָּ֑שֶׁת וּפָגַע֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֔חַל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י יָקְנְעָֽם׃

And their border went up westward to Marʿala, and touched Dabbeshet, and touched the stream that is before Yoqneʿam.

Morphology

1. וְעָלָ֨ה (ve-ʿalah) – Root: עלה (ʿlh); Form: Verb, Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it went up”; Notes: Indicates an upward movement of the boundary.
2. גְבוּלָ֧ם (gevulam) – Root: גבול (gvul); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their border”; Notes: Refers to the territorial limit.
3. לַיָּ֛מָּה (la-yammah) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “to the west”; Notes: Indicates a direction toward the sea.
4. וּמַרְעֲלָ֖ה (u-Marʿalah) – Root: מרעלה (Marʿalah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Marʿalah”; Notes: A place on the border of Zevulun’s territory.
5. וּפָגַ֣ע (u-fagaʿ) – Root: פגע (pgaʿ); Form: Verb, Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and touched”; Notes: Indicates contact or meeting of boundaries.
6. בְּדַבָּ֑שֶׁת (be-Dabbeshet) – Root: דבש (dbš); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dabbeshet”; Notes: A location marking the border.
7. וּפָגַע֙ (u-fagaʿ) – Root: פגע (pgaʿ); Form: Verb, Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and touched”; Notes: Repeats the verb to emphasize boundary contact.
8. אֶל־הַנַּ֔חַל (el-ha-naḥal) – Root: נחל (naḥal); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “to the stream”; Notes: Refers to a body of water forming a boundary.
9. אֲשֶׁ֖ר (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾšr); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
10. עַל־פְּנֵ֥י (ʿal-penei) – Root: פנה (pnh); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates spatial positioning.
11. יָקְנְעָֽם (Yokneʿam) – Root: יקנעם (Yokneʿam); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yokneʿam”; Notes: A location referenced in the border description.