Joshua 5:13

וַיְהִ֗י בִּֽהְיֹ֣ות יְהֹושֻׁעַ֮ בִּירִיחֹו֒ וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד לְנֶגְדֹּ֔ו וְחַרְבֹּ֥ו שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּיָדֹ֑ו וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ יְהֹושֻׁ֤עַ אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לֹ֔ו הֲלָ֥נוּ אַתָּ֖ה אִם־לְצָרֵֽינוּ׃

And it happened, when Yehoshua was in Yeriḥo, that he lifted his eyes and saw, and behold, a man was standing opposite him with his sword drawn in his hand. And Yehoshua went to him and said to him, “Are you for us or for our adversaries?”

Morphology

1. וַיְהִ֗י (vayyəhī) – Root: הָיָה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it happened”; Notes: Introduces a narrative event.
2. בִּֽהְיֹ֣ות (bihyōṯ) – Root: הָיָה; Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “when was”; Notes: Marks the time of the event.
3. יְהֹושֻׁעַ֮ (Yəhōšūa‘) – Root: יְהוֹשֻׁעַ; Form: proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yehoshua”; Notes: Refers to Joshua, leader of Yisra’el.
4. בִּירִיחֹו֒ (Bīriḥō) – Root: יְרִיחוֹ; Form: proper noun, feminine singular with preposition; Translation: “in Yericho”; Notes: Refers to the city of Jericho.
5. וַיִּשָּׂ֤א (vayyissā’) – Root: נָשָׂא; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he lifted”; Notes: Refers to lifting his eyes.
6. עֵינָיו֙ (‘ēnāw) – Root: עַיִן; Form: noun, dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his eyes”; Notes: Refers to Yehoshua’s eyes.
7. וַיַּ֔רְא (vayyar’) – Root: רָאָה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he saw”; Notes: Refers to Yehoshua seeing the man.
8. וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ (wəhinneh-’īš) – Root: אִישׁ; Form: interjection + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and behold, a man”; Notes: Introduces the unexpected presence of the man.
9. עֹמֵ֣ד (‘ōmēd) – Root: עָמַד; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “standing”; Notes: Describes the posture of the man.
10. לְנֶגְדֹּ֔ו (lənɛgddōw) – Root: נֶגֶד; Form: noun, masculine singular with preposition and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “opposite him”; Notes: Refers to the position of the man relative to Yehoshua.
11. וְחַרְבֹּ֥ו (wəḥarbbōw) – Root: חֶרֶב; Form: noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his sword”; Notes: Refers to the weapon of the man.
12. שְׁלוּפָ֖ה (šəlūpāh) – Root: שָׁלַף; Form: Qal passive participle feminine singular; Translation: “drawn”; Notes: Describes the state of the sword.
13. בְּיָדֹ֑ו (bəyādōw) – Root: יָד; Form: noun, feminine singular with preposition and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in his hand”; Notes: Refers to the man’s hand holding the sword.
14. וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ (vayyēleḵ) – Root: הָלַךְ; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he went”; Notes: Refers to Yehoshua approaching the man.
15. יְהֹושֻׁ֤עַ (Yəhōšūa‘) – Root: יְהוֹשֻׁעַ; Form: proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yehoshua”; Notes: Refers to Joshua.
16. אֵלָיו֙ (’ēlāyw) – Root: אֵל; Form: preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Refers to Yehoshua’s direction.
17. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayyō’mer) – Root: אָמַר; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Refers to Yehoshua speaking.
18. לֹ֔ו (lōw) – Root: לוֹ; Form: preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Refers to the man addressed by Yehoshua.
19. הֲלָ֥נוּ (halānū) – Root: לָנוּ; Form: interrogative with preposition and 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “are you for us”; Notes: Yehoshua inquires about the man’s allegiance.
20. אַתָּ֖ה (’attāh) – Root: אַתָּה; Form: pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Directly addresses the man.
21. אִם־לְצָרֵֽינוּ׃ (’im-ləṣārēnū) – Root: צָר; Form: conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “or for our adversaries”; Notes: Contrasts the two possible allegiances.