וַיְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּֽל־הַמְּלָכִ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן בָּהָ֣ר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֗ה וּבְכֹל֙ חֹ֚וף הַיָּ֣ם הַגָּדֹ֔ול אֶל־מ֖וּל הַלְּבָנֹ֑ון הַֽחִתִּי֙ וְהָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הַפְּרִזִּ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃
And it came to pass when all the kings who were beyond the Yarden, in the hill country, and in the lowland, and on all the coast of the Great Sea opposite the Levanon—the Ḥitti, and the Emori, the Kenaʿani, the Perizzi, the Ḥivvi, and the Yevusi—heard of it,
Morphology
- וַיְהִ֣י (va-yehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular (narrative past); Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: A common phrase introducing narrative action.
- כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ (ki-shmoa) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal infinitive construct with prefix; Translation: “when hearing”; Notes: Introduces a temporal clause.
- כָּֽל־הַמְּלָכִ֡ים (kol-ha-melakhim) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Noun, masculine plural definite; Translation: “all the kings”; Notes: Refers to multiple monarchs.
- אֲשֶׁר֩ (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- בְּעֵ֨בֶר (be-ever) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with preposition; Translation: “beyond”; Notes: Indicates location across the Yarden.
- הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן (ha-yarden) – Root: ירדן (yarden); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “the Yarden”; Notes: Refers to the Jordan River.
- בָּהָ֣ר (ba-har) – Root: הר (har); Form: Noun, masculine singular definite with preposition; Translation: “in the hill country”; Notes: Indicates a mountainous region.
- וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֗ה (u-va-shefela) – Root: שפלה (shefela); Form: Noun, feminine singular definite with conjunction and preposition; Translation: “and in the lowland”; Notes: Refers to the coastal plains.
- וּבְכֹל֙ (u-ve-khol) – Root: כל (khol); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with conjunction and preposition; Translation: “and in all”; Notes: Indicates entirety.
- חֹ֚וף (ḥof) – Root: חוף (ḥof); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “coast”; Notes: Refers to the shoreline.
- הַיָּ֣ם הַגָּדֹ֔ול (ha-yam ha-gadol) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Noun, masculine singular definite with adjective; Translation: “the Great Sea”; Notes: Refers to the Mediterranean Sea.
- אֶל־מ֖וּל (el-mul) – Root: מול (mul); Form: Preposition; Translation: “opposite”; Notes: Indicates facing or across from.
- הַלְּבָנֹ֑ון (ha-levanon) – Root: לבנון (levanon); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “the Levanon”; Notes: Refers to the Lebanon mountain range.
- הַֽחִתִּי֙ (ha-ḥitti) – Root: חתי (ḥitti); Form: Noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “the Ḥitti”; Notes: Refers to the Hittites.
- וְהָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י (ve-ha-emori) – Root: אמרי (emori); Form: Noun, masculine singular definite with conjunction; Translation: “and the Emori”; Notes: Refers to the Amorites.
- הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ (ha-kenaʿani) – Root: כנען (kenaʿan); Form: Noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “the Kenaʿani”; Notes: Refers to the Canaanites.
- הַפְּרִזִּ֔י (ha-perizzi) – Root: פרז (peraz); Form: Noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “the Perizzi”; Notes: Refers to the Perizzites.
- הַחִוִּ֖י (ha-ḥivvi) – Root: חוי (ḥivvi); Form: Noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “the Ḥivvi”; Notes: Refers to the Hivites.
- וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ (ve-ha-yevusi) – Root: יבוס (yevusi); Form: Noun, masculine singular definite with conjunction; Translation: “and the Yevusi”; Notes: Refers to the Jebusites.