לֹא־תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֨וֶל֙ בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט לֹא־תִשָּׂ֣א פְנֵי־דָ֔ל וְלֹ֥א תֶהְדַּ֖ר פְּנֵ֣י גָדֹ֑ול בְּצֶ֖דֶק תִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט עֲמִיתֶֽךָ׃
You shall not commit injustice in judgment: you shall not show partiality to the poor nor honor the great; in righteousness, you shall judge your neighbor.
Morphology
- לֹא־תַעֲשׂ֥וּ (lo-ta’asu) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “You shall not commit”; Notes: Prohibits specific action.
- עָ֨וֶל֙ (avel) – Root: עול (ʿ-w-l); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “Injustice”; Notes: Refers to moral or legal wrong.
- בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט (ba-mishpat) – Root: שפט (sh-p-t); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “In judgment”; Notes: Indicates legal or judicial decisions.
- לֹא־תִשָּׂ֣א (lo-tissa) – Root: נשא (n-s-ʾ); Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall not show”; Notes: Refers to showing favor or bias.
- פְנֵי־דָ֔ל (pnei-dal) – Root: פנה (p-n-h) + דל (d-l); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + noun masculine singular; Translation: “The face of the poor”; Notes: Refers to showing partiality.
- וְלֹ֥א תֶהְדַּ֖ר (ve-lo-tehdr) – Root: הדר (h-d-r); Form: Conjunction + negative particle + Piel imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “Nor honor”; Notes: Prohibits undue preference.
- פְּנֵ֣י גָדֹ֑ול (pnei-gadol) – Root: פנה (p-n-h) + גדל (g-d-l); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + adjective masculine singular; Translation: “The face of the great”; Notes: Refers to the influential or wealthy.
- בְּצֶ֖דֶק (be-tsedek) – Root: צדק (ts-d-q); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “In righteousness”; Notes: Emphasizes fairness and moral uprightness.
- תִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט (tishpot) – Root: שפט (sh-p-t); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall judge”; Notes: Command to make fair decisions.
- עֲמִיתֶֽךָ (amitkha) – Root: עמת (ʿ-m-t); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Your fellow”; Notes: Refers to a companion or peer.