Leviticus 20:21

וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִקַּ֛ח אֶת־אֵ֥שֶׁת אָחִ֖יו נִדָּ֣ה הִ֑וא עֶרְוַ֥ת אָחִ֛יו גִּלָּ֖ה עֲרִירִ֥ים יִהְיֽוּ׃

And a man who takes his brother’s wife—it is impurity; he has uncovered his brother’s nakedness; they shall be childless.

 

Morphology

  1. וְאִ֗ישׁ (ve-ish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “And a man”; Notes: Refers to an individual male.
  2. אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: Relative particle; Form: Particle; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
  3. יִקַּ֛ח (yiqach) – Root: לקח (l-q-ḥ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Takes”; Notes: Refers to the act of marrying or taking in marriage.
  4. אֶת־אֵ֥שֶׁת (et-eshet) – Root: אשה (ʾ-sh-h); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “The wife of”; Notes: Refers to the woman being the wife of someone.
  5. אָחִ֖יו (achiv) – Root: אח (ʾ-ḥ); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His brother”; Notes: Refers to a sibling.
  6. נִדָּ֣ה (niddah) – Root: נדד (n-d-d); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “Impurity”; Notes: Refers to a state of ritual or moral impurity.
  7. הִ֑וא (hi) – Root: Pronoun; Form: 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “It is”; Notes: Identifies the preceding action as an impurity.
  8. עֶרְוַ֥ת (ervat) – Root: ערוה (ʿ-r-w-h); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “The nakedness of”; Notes: Refers to sexual exposure.
  9. אָחִ֛יו (achiv) – Root: אח (ʾ-ḥ); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His brother”; Notes: Refers to a sibling relationship.
  10. גִּלָּ֖ה (gillah) – Root: גלה (g-l-h); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He has uncovered”; Notes: Refers to the act of exposing or revealing.
  11. עֲרִירִ֥ים (aririm) – Root: ערר (ʿ-r-r); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “Childless”; Notes: Refers to being without offspring.
  12. יִהְיֽוּ (yihyu) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “They shall be”; Notes: Refers to the consequence of their action.

 

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