Leviticus 20:20

וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־דֹּ֣דָתֹ֔ו עֶרְוַ֥ת דֹּדֹ֖ו גִּלָּ֑ה חֶטְאָ֥ם יִשָּׂ֖אוּ עֲרִירִ֥ים יָמֻֽתוּ׃

And a man who lies with his aunt has uncovered the nakedness of his uncle; they shall bear their sin; they shall die childless.

Morphology

1. וְאִ֗ישׁ (ve-ish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “And a man”; Notes: Refers to an individual male.
2. אֲשֶׁ֤ר (asher) – Root: Relative particle; Form: Particle; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
3. יִשְׁכַּב֙ (yishkav) – Root: שכב (sh-k-v); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Lies”; Notes: Refers to sexual relations.
4. אֶת־דֹּ֣דָתֹ֔ו (et-dodato) – Root: דדה (d-d-h); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His aunt”; Notes: Refers to a paternal or maternal aunt.
5. עֶרְוַ֥ת (ervat) – Root: ערוה (ʿ-r-w-h); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “The nakedness of”; Notes: Refers to sexual exposure.
6. דֹּדֹ֖ו (dodo) – Root: דוד (d-w-d); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His uncle”; Notes: Refers to a paternal or maternal uncle.
7. גִּלָּ֑ה (gillah) – Root: גלה (g-l-h); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He has uncovered”; Notes: Refers to the act of exposing or revealing.
8. חֶטְאָ֥ם (chetam) – Root: חטא (ḥ-t-ʾ); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “Their sin”; Notes: Refers to the guilt incurred by the act.
9. יִשָּׂ֖אוּ (yissa’u) – Root: נשא (n-s-ʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “They shall bear”; Notes: Indicates taking responsibility for the sin.
10. עֲרִירִ֥ים (aririm) – Root: ערר (ʿ-r-r); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “Childless”; Notes: Refers to being without offspring.
11. יָמֻֽתוּ (yamutu) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “They shall die”; Notes: Refers to the consequence of their sin.