וּבַת־כֹּהֵן֩ כִּ֨י תִהְיֶ֜ה אַלְמָנָ֣ה וּגְרוּשָׁ֗ה וְזֶרַע֮ אֵ֣ין לָהּ֒ וְשָׁבָ֞ה אֶל־בֵּ֤ית אָבִ֨יהָ֙ כִּנְעוּרֶ֔יהָ מִלֶּ֥חֶם אָבִ֖יהָ תֹּאכֵ֑ל וְכָל־זָ֖ר לֹא־יֹ֥אכַל בֹּֽו׃
And the daughter of a priest, if she becomes a widow or divorced and has no offspring, and she returns to her father’s house as in her youth, she may eat of her father’s bread; but no foreigner shall eat of it.
Morphology
- וּבַת־כֹּהֵן֩ (ubat-kohen) – Root: בת (b-t) and כהן (k-h-n); Form: Noun feminine singular construct with conjunctive *vav*; Translation: “And the daughter of a priest”; Notes: Refers to the daughter of a priestly family.
- כִּ֨י (ki) – Root: Conjunction; Form: Particle; Translation: “If”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause.
- תִהְיֶ֜ה (tihyeh) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “She becomes”; Notes: Indicates a change of state.
- אַלְמָנָ֣ה (almana) – Root: אלמן (ʾ-l-m-n); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “Widow”; Notes: Refers to a woman whose husband has died.
- וּגְרוּשָׁ֗ה (ugerusha) – Root: גרש (g-r-sh); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute with conjunctive *vav*; Translation: “Or divorced”; Notes: Refers to a woman separated from her husband by legal means.
- וְזֶרַע֮ (vezera) – Root: זרע (z-r-ʿ); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute with conjunctive *vav*; Translation: “And offspring”; Notes: Refers to children or descendants.
- אֵ֣ין (ein) – Root: Particle of nonexistence; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “There is no”; Notes: Indicates the absence of offspring.
- לָהּ֒ (lah) – Root: Independent pronoun; Form: 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “To her”; Notes: Refers to possession.
- וְשָׁבָ֞ה (veshavah) – Root: שוב (sh-v-b); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular with conjunctive *vav*; Translation: “And she returns”; Notes: Refers to going back to a previous state or location.
- אֶל־בֵּ֤ית אָבִ֨יהָ֙ (el-beit aviha) – Root: בית (b-y-t) and אב (ʾ-v); Form: Noun masculine singular construct with preposition *el*; Translation: “To her father’s house”; Notes: Indicates returning to familial residence.
- כִּנְעוּרֶ֔יהָ (kinʿureha) – Root: נער (n-ʿ-r); Form: Noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “As in her youth”; Notes: Refers to a prior stage of life.
- מִלֶּ֥חֶם (milechem) – Root: לחם (l-ḥ-m); Form: Noun masculine singular construct with preposition *min*; Translation: “Of the bread”; Notes: Indicates food or provision.
- אָבִ֖יהָ (aviha) – Root: אב (ʾ-v); Form: Noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “Her father”; Notes: Refers to her paternal connection.
- תֹּאכֵ֑ל (toʾchel) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “She may eat”; Notes: Indicates permission.
- וְכָל־זָ֖ר (vechol-zar) – Root: כל (k-l) and זר (z-r); Form: Adjective masculine singular construct with conjunctive *vav*; Translation: “And no foreigner”; Notes: Refers to someone not belonging to the priestly family.
- לֹא־יֹ֥אכַל (lo-yoʾchal) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Shall not eat”; Notes: Indicates prohibition.
- בֹּֽו׃ (bo) – Root: Independent pronoun; Form: 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Of it”; Notes: Refers to the sacred food.