וְאִ֕ישׁ כִּֽי־יֹאכַ֥ל קֹ֖דֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָ֑ה וְיָסַ֤ף חֲמִֽשִׁיתֹו֙ עָלָ֔יו וְנָתַ֥ן לַכֹּהֵ֖ן אֶת־הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃
And if a man eats a holy thing unwittingly, he shall add a fifth to it and give the holy thing to the priest.
Morphology
- וְאִ֕ישׁ (ve’ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Conjunction *ו* with noun masculine singular; Translation: “And a man”; Notes: Refers to an individual.
- כִּֽי־יֹאכַ֥ל (ki-yo’khal) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Form: Conjunction *כי* + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “If he eats”; Notes: Indicates a conditional clause.
- קֹ֖דֶשׁ (qodesh) – Root: קדש (q-d-sh); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “A holy thing”; Notes: Refers to something consecrated to YHWH.
- בִּשְׁגָגָ֑ה (bishgagah) – Root: שגג (sh-g-g); Form: Preposition *ב* with noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “Unwittingly”; Notes: Refers to an unintentional act.
- וְיָסַ֤ף (veyasaf) – Root: יסף (y-s-ph); Form: Conjunction *ו* with Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he shall add”; Notes: Describes the action required as restitution.
- חֲמִֽשִׁיתֹו֙ (ḥamishito) – Root: חמש (ḥ-m-sh); Form: Noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “A fifth of it”; Notes: Specifies the additional amount.
- עָלָ֔יו (alav) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition *על* with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Upon it”; Notes: Indicates the obligation.
- וְנָתַ֥ן (venatan) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Conjunction *ו* with Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he shall give”; Notes: Describes the act of returning the holy thing.
- לַכֹּהֵ֖ן (lakohen) – Root: כהן (k-h-n); Form: Preposition *ל* with noun masculine singular definite; Translation: “To the priest”; Notes: Specifies the recipient.
- אֶת־הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ (et-haqodesh) – Root: קדש (q-d-sh); Form: Direct object marker with noun masculine singular definite; Translation: “The holy thing”; Notes: Refers to the item being returned.