נֶ֚פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּגַּע־בֹּ֔ו וְטָמְאָ֖ה עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וְלֹ֤א יֹאכַל֙ מִן־הַקֳּדָשִׁ֔ים כִּ֛י אִם־רָחַ֥ץ בְּשָׂרֹ֖ו בַּמָּֽיִם׃
A person who touches it shall be unclean until the evening and shall not eat of the holy things unless they wash their body with water.
Morphology
- נֶ֚פֶשׁ (nefesh) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Singular noun; Translation: “A person”; Notes: Refers generically to an individual.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Introduces the clause.
- תִּגַּע־בֹּ֔ו (tigga-bo) – Root: נגע (n-g-ʿ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + prepositional suffix; Translation: “Touches it”; Notes: Refers to physical contact causing impurity.
- וְטָמְאָ֖ה (vetameʾah) – Root: טמא (ṭ-m-ʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “Shall be unclean”; Notes: Indicates the resulting state of impurity.
- עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב (ʿad-haʿarev) – Root: ערב (ʿ-r-v); Form: Preposition “until” + definite noun; Translation: “Until the evening”; Notes: Specifies the duration of impurity.
- וְלֹ֤א (velo) – Form: Conjunction + negation; Translation: “And not”; Notes: Introduces a prohibition.
- יֹאכַל֙ (yoʾkhal) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Shall eat”; Notes: Describes forbidden action.
- מִן־הַקֳּדָשִׁ֔ים (min-haqodashim) – Root: קדש (q-d-sh); Form: Preposition “from” + plural definite noun; Translation: “Of the holy things”; Notes: Refers to items set apart for sacred use.
- כִּ֛י (ki) – Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Unless”; Notes: Introduces the exception.
- אִם־רָחַ֥ץ (im-raḥats) – Root: רחץ (r-ḥ-ts); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He has washed”; Notes: Action required for restoration.
- בְּשָׂרֹ֖ו (besaro) – Root: בשר (b-s-r); Form: Singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His body”; Notes: Refers to physical purification.
- בַּמָּֽיִם (bammaʾyim) – Root: מים (m-y-m); Form: Preposition “in” + definite plural noun; Translation: “With water”; Notes: Indicates the means of purification.