וְנֹקֵ֤ב שֵׁם־יְהוָה֙ מֹ֣ות יוּמָ֔ת רָגֹ֥ום יִרְגְּמוּ־בֹ֖ו כָּל־הָעֵדָ֑ה כַּגֵּר֙ כָּֽאֶזְרָ֔ח בְּנָקְבֹו־שֵׁ֖ם יוּמָֽת׃
And anyone who blasphemes the name of YHWH shall surely be put to death; the whole congregation shall stone him. Whether the sojourner or the native, when he blasphemes the Name, he shall be put to death.
Morphology
- וְנֹקֵ֤ב (venoqev) – Root: נקב (n-q-v); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “And anyone who blasphemes”; Notes: Refers to the act of uttering or cursing the divine name.
- שֵׁם־יְהוָה֙ (shem-YHWH) – Root: שם (sh-m); Form: Masculine singular noun in construct with the Tetragrammaton; Translation: “The name of YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the sacred name of the LORD.
- מֹ֣ות יוּמָ֔ת (mot yumat) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Qal infinitive absolute + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Shall surely be put to death”; Notes: The infinitive absolute emphasizes the certainty of the punishment.
- רָגֹ֥ום (ragom) – Root: רגם (r-g-m); Form: Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “Stoning”; Notes: Specifies the method of execution.
- יִרְגְּמוּ־בֹ֖ו (yirg’mu-vo) – Root: רגם (r-g-m); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with pronominal suffix; Translation: “They shall stone him”; Notes: Indicates the communal execution of the punishment.
- כָּל־הָעֵדָ֑ה (kol-ha’edah) – Root: עד (ʿ-d); Form: Masculine singular noun with definite article; Translation: “The whole congregation”; Notes: Refers to the entire assembly of Yisra’el.
- כַגֵּר֙ (ka-ger) – Root: גר (g-r); Form: Preposition כ with masculine singular noun; Translation: “As the sojourner”; Notes: Refers to a non-native living among Yisra’el.
- כָֽאֶזְרָ֔ח (ka’ezrach) – Root: זרח (z-r-ḥ); Form: Preposition כ with masculine singular noun; Translation: “As the native”; Notes: Refers to a native-born member of Yisra’el.
- בְּנָקְבֹו־שֵׁ֖ם (benoqvo-shem) – Root: נקב (n-q-v) / שם (sh-m); Form: Preposition ב with Qal infinitive construct + masculine singular noun; Translation: “When he blasphemes the Name”; Notes: Refers to the act of cursing the divine name.
- יוּמָֽת׃ (yumat) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall be put to death”; Notes: Restates the punishment for the offense.