וּבַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗ת שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתֹון֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָאָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַיהוָ֑ה שָֽׂדְךָ֙ לֹ֣א תִזְרָ֔ע וְכַרְמְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תִזְמֹֽר׃
But in the seventh year, there shall be a sabbath of solemn rest for the land, a sabbath to YHWH. You shall not sow your field or prune your vineyard.
Morphology
- וּבַשָּׁנָ֣ה (u-va’shanah) – Root: שנה (sh-n-h); Form: Conjunction ו with preposition ב and feminine singular noun; Translation: “But in the year”; Notes: Introduces the seventh year as a distinct period.
- הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗ת (ha-shevi’it) – Root: שבע (sh-b-ʿ); Form: Feminine singular adjective in definite form; Translation: “The seventh”; Notes: Specifies the year in the cycle.
- שַׁבַּ֤ת (shabbat) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Feminine singular noun; Translation: “A sabbath”; Notes: Denotes rest or cessation.
- שַׁבָּתֹון֙ (shabbaton) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Feminine singular noun; Translation: “Of solemn rest”; Notes: Indicates a special kind of sabbath observance.
- יִהְיֶ֣ה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “It shall be”; Notes: Refers to the condition of the land.
- לָאָ֔רֶץ (la’aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ṣ); Form: Preposition ל with feminine singular noun in definite form; Translation: “For the land”; Notes: Indicates the subject of rest.
- שַׁבָּ֖ת (shabbat) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Feminine singular noun; Translation: “A sabbath”; Notes: Refers to the cessation of agricultural work.
- לַיהוָ֑ה (la-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (y-h-w-h); Form: Preposition ל with the divine name; Translation: “To YHWH”; Notes: Indicates the sabbath is dedicated to YHWH.
- שָֽׂדְךָ֙ (sadekha) – Root: שדה (s-d-h); Form: Masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Your field”; Notes: Refers to agricultural land.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “Not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- תִזְרָ֔ע (tizra) – Root: זרע (z-r-ʿ); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall sow”; Notes: Refers to planting seeds in the field.
- וְכַרְמְךָ֖ (vekarmekha) – Root: כרם (k-r-m); Form: Conjunction ו with masculine singular noun and 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “And your vineyard”; Notes: Refers to cultivated vineyards.
- לֹ֥א (lo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “Not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- תִזְמֹֽר׃ (tizmor) – Root: זמר (z-m-r); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall prune”; Notes: Refers to trimming the vineyard.