דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ לֵאמֹר֒ נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֤א בִשְׁגָגָה֙ מִכֹּל֙ מִצְוֹ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה וְעָשָׂ֕ה מֵאַחַ֖ת מֵהֵֽנָּה׃
“Speak to the sons of Yisra’el, saying: ’A soul, if it sins unintentionally in any of the commands of YHWH that should not be done, and does one of them:
Morphology
- דַּבֵּ֞ר (dabber) – Root: דבר (d-b-r); Form: Verb, Piel, imperative, 2ms; Translation: “Speak”; Notes: A directive given to Moshe to address Yisra’el.
- אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י (el-bene) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Preposition + noun, construct, mp; Translation: “To the sons of”; Notes: Refers to the children or descendants of Yisra’el.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ (Yisra’el) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: The collective name of Jacob’s descendants.
- לֵאמֹר֒ (leʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Infinitive construct with lamed prefix; Translation: “Saying”; Notes: Introduces the content of the speech.
- נֶ֗פֶשׁ (nefesh) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Noun, fs; Translation: “A soul”; Notes: Refers to an individual person.
- כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֤א (ki-techetʾa) – Root: חטא (ḥ-t-ʾ); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal, imperfect, 3fs; Translation: “If it sins”; Notes: Refers to an unintentional sin.
- בִשְׁגָגָה֙ (bishgagah) – Root: שׁגה (sh-g-h); Form: Noun, fs; Translation: “Unintentionally”; Notes: Describes the nature of the sin.
- מִכֹּל֙ (mikol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Preposition + noun, ms construct; Translation: “In any of”; Notes: Refers to the scope of the commands.
- מִצְוֹ֣ת (mitzvot) – Root: מצוה (m-ts-v-h); Form: Noun, fp, construct; Translation: “Commands of”; Notes: Refers to divine instructions from YHWH.
- יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The sacred name of God.
- אֲשֶׁ֖ר (asher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “That”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause.
- לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה (lo-teʿasenah) – Root: עשׂה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Negative particle + verb, Niphal, imperfect, 3fp; Translation: “Should not be done”; Notes: Refers to prohibited actions.
- וְעָשָׂ֕ה (veʿasah) – Root: עשׂה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And does”; Notes: Indicates the commission of a prohibited act.
- מֵאַחַ֖ת (meʾachat) – Root: אחד (ʾ-ḥ-d); Form: Preposition + noun, fs; Translation: “One of”; Notes: Refers to a single command.
- מֵהֵֽנָּה׃ (mehenah) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition + pronoun, 3fp; Translation: “Of them”; Notes: Refers to the list of commands.