וְנֶ֣פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֗א וְשָֽׁמְעָה֙ קֹ֣ול אָלָ֔ה וְה֣וּא עֵ֔ד אֹ֥ו רָאָ֖ה אֹ֣ו יָדָ֑ע אִם־לֹ֥וא יַגִּ֖יד וְנָשָׂ֥א עֲוֹנֹֽו׃
When a soul sins and hears a voice of adjuration, and he is a witness, whether he has seen or known, if he does not report it, he shall bear his iniquity.
Morphology
- וְנֶ֣פֶשׁ (venephesh) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Conjunction + noun, fs; Translation: “And a soul”; Notes: Refers to an individual person.
- כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֗א (ki-techeta) – Root: חטא (ḥ-t-ʾ); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal, imperfect, 3fs; Translation: “When it sins”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause about sinning.
- וְשָֽׁמְעָה֙ (veshamʿah) – Root: שמע (sh-m-ʿ); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 3fs; Translation: “And hears”; Notes: Indicates the act of hearing.
- קֹ֣ול (qol) – Root: קול (q-l); Form: Noun, ms; Translation: “A voice”; Notes: Refers to the sound of adjuration.
- אָלָ֔ה (alah) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun, fs; Translation: “Adjuration”; Notes: Refers to a solemn oath or curse.
- וְה֣וּא (vehu) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction + pronoun, 3ms; Translation: “And he”; Notes: Refers to the individual who hears the adjuration.
- עֵ֔ד (ʿed) – Root: עד (ʿ-d); Form: Noun, ms; Translation: “A witness”; Notes: Describes the person’s role as a witness.
- אֹ֥ו (ʾo) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Or”; Notes: Connects alternative conditions.
- רָאָ֖ה (raʾah) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Verb, Qal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “He has seen”; Notes: Refers to witnessing an event.
- אֹ֣ו (ʾo) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Or”; Notes: Continues the list of conditions.
- יָדָ֑ע (yadaʿ) – Root: ידע (y-d-ʿ); Form: Verb, Qal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “He has known”; Notes: Indicates awareness of the matter.
- אִם־לֹ֥וא (im-lo) – Root: N/A; Form: Conditional particle + negative particle; Translation: “If not”; Notes: Introduces a negative condition.
- יַגִּ֖יד (yaggid) – Root: נגד (n-g-d); Form: Verb, Hifil, imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “He reports”; Notes: Refers to the act of making known.
- וְנָשָׂ֥א (venasa) – Root: נשא (n-s-ʾ); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he shall bear”; Notes: Indicates the consequence of failing to report.
- עֲוֹנֹֽו (ʿavono) – Root: עון (ʿ-v-n); Form: Noun, ms with 3ms suffix; Translation: “His iniquity”; Notes: Refers to the guilt borne by the individual.