וְתֵרֶ֤א אֹיַ֨בְתִּי֙ וּתְכַסֶּ֣הָ בוּשָׁ֔ה הָאֹמְרָ֣ה אֵלַ֔י אַיֹּ֖ו יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יִךְ עֵינַי֙ תִּרְאֶ֣ינָּה בָּ֔הּ עַתָּ֛ה תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה לְמִרְמָ֖ס כְּטִ֥יט חוּצֹֽות׃
And my enemy will see, and shame will cover her—she who says to me, “Where is YHWH your God?” My eyes will see in her; now she will be for trampling like the mire of the streets.
Morphology
- וְתֵרֶ֤א (ve-tereʾ) — Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Qal imperfect 3fs with vav-conjunctive; Translation: “and she will see”; Notes: Refers to the adversary observing the speaker’s vindication.
- אֹיַ֨בְתִּי (ʾoyavti) — Root: איב (ʾ-y-b); Form: Qal active participle fs + suffix 1cs; Translation: “my enemy (female)”; Notes: Feminine personification of opposing nation.
- וּתְכַסֶּ֣הָ (u-tekhassehah) — Root: כסּה (k-s-h); Form: Piel imperfect 3fs + suffix 3fs with vav-conjunctive; Translation: “and shame will cover her”; Notes: Strong image of humiliation.
- בוּשָׁ֔ה (bushah) — Root: בושׁ (b-w-sh); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “shame”; Notes: Emotional and social disgrace.
- הָאֹמְרָ֣ה (ha-ʾomrah) — Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Definite article + Qal participle fs; Translation: “she who says”; Notes: Identifies the mocking adversary.
- אֵלַ֔י (elai) — Root: אל; Form: Preposition אֶל + suffix 1cs; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Spoken directly to the prophet/personified city.
- אַיֹּ֖ו (ayyoh) — Root: אי (ʾ-y); Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “where?”; Notes: Often used in taunt-speeches.
- יְהוָ֣ה (YHWH) — Root: יהוה; Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Referent of the mockery.
- אֱלֹהָ֑יִךְ (ʾelohaikh) — Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 2fs; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Female suffix matches the addressee (personified city).
- עֵינַי֙ (ʿeinai) — Root: עין (ʿ-y-n); Form: Noun feminine dual + suffix 1cs; Translation: “my eyes”; Notes: Emphasizes personal witnessing.
- תִּרְאֶ֣ינָּה (tirʾennah) — Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Qal imperfect 3fp; Translation: “they will see”; Notes: Refers to the speaker’s own eyes.
- בָּ֔הּ (bah) — Root: ב; Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 3fs; Translation: “in her / upon her”; Notes: Indicates direction of the sight.
- עַתָּ֛ה (ʿattah) — Root: עת (ʿ-t); Form: Adverb; Translation: “now”; Notes: Signals imminent judgment.
- תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה (tihyeh) — Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Qal imperfect 3fs; Translation: “she will be”; Notes: Future condition of the enemy.
- לְמִרְמָ֖ס (lemirmas) — Root: רמס (r-m-s); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for trampling”; Notes: Image of defeat.
- כְּטִ֥יט (ketit) — Root: טיט (ṭ-y-ṭ); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like the mire”; Notes: Symbol of lowliness and filth.
- חוּצֹֽות (ḥutsot) — Root: חוץ (ḥ-w-ṣ); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “streets”; Notes: Public spaces where trampling occurs.