וַיֹּ֗אמֶר צֵ֣א וְעָמַדְתָּ֣ בָהָר֮ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָה֒ וְהִנֵּ֧ה יְהוָ֣ה עֹבֵ֗ר וְר֣וּחַ גְּדֹולָ֡ה וְחָזָ֞ק מְפָרֵק֩ הָרִ֨ים וּמְשַׁבֵּ֤ר סְלָעִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א בָר֖וּחַ יְהוָ֑ה וְאַחַ֤ר הָר֨וּחַ רַ֔עַשׁ לֹ֥א בָרַ֖עַשׁ יְהוָֽה׃
And He said, “Go out and stand on the mountain before YHWH.” And behold, YHWH is passing by, and a great and strong wind tearing apart mountains and breaking rocks before YHWH—YHWH is not in the wind. And after the wind, an earthquake—YHWH is not in the earthquake.
Morphology
- וַיֹּאמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And He said”; Notes: Typical narrative continuation marker introducing speech.
- צֵא (tse) – Root: יצא (yatzaʾ); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “Go out”; Notes: Command form directed at a singular male subject.
- וְעָמַדְתָּ (ve-ʿamadta) – Root: עמד (ʿamad); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and stand”; Notes: Vav-consecutive linking to previous imperative.
- בָהָר (va-har) – Root: הר (har); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “on the mountain”; Notes: ב prefix marks location.
- לִפְנֵי (lifnei) – Root: פני (paneh); Form: Preposition with noun construct; Translation: “before”; Notes: Denotes physical presence or proximity.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of God.
- וְהִנֵּה (ve-hinne) – Root: הנה (hinneh); Form: Interjection; Translation: “and behold”; Notes: Introduces a surprising or significant event.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Repetition emphasizing divine presence.
- עֹבֵר (ʿover) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “is passing by”; Notes: Ongoing action present tense.
- וְרוּחַ (ve-ruaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Conjunction with noun, feminine singular; Translation: “and a wind”; Notes: Introduces the natural phenomenon accompanying YHWH’s passing.
- גְּדֹולָה (gedolah) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Adjective, feminine singular; Translation: “great”; Notes: Qualifies the noun “wind.”
- וְחָזָק (ve-ḥazaq) – Root: חזק (ḥazaq); Form: Conjunction with adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “and strong”; Notes: Conjoins additional description to the wind.
- מְפָרֵק (mefareq) – Root: פרק (paraq); Form: Piel participle masculine singular; Translation: “tearing apart”; Notes: Piel intensifies the destructive action.
- הָרִים (harim) – Root: הר (har); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “mountains”; Notes: Object of the tearing apart.
- וּמְשַׁבֵּר (u-meshabber) – Root: שבר (shavar); Form: Piel participle masculine singular; Translation: “and breaking”; Notes: Continuation of the description of the wind’s power.
- סְלָעִים (selaʿim) – Root: סלע (selaʿ); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “rocks”; Notes: Objects being shattered.
- לִפְנֵי (lifnei) – Root: פני (paneh); Form: Preposition with noun construct; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates location relative to YHWH.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis on divine context.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Denies association of YHWH with the phenomenon.
- בָרוּחַ (ba-ruaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Preposition with noun, feminine singular; Translation: “in the wind”; Notes: ב prefix denotes association or location.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Concluding the clause with emphasis.
- וְאַחַר (ve-aḥar) – Root: אחר (aḥar); Form: Conjunction with noun; Translation: “and after”; Notes: Sequence marker for next event.
- הָרוּחַ (ha-ruaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Definite noun, feminine singular; Translation: “the wind”; Notes: Refers back to the previous wind event.
- רַעַשׁ (raʿash) – Root: רעשׁ (raʿash); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “earthquake”; Notes: New natural phenomenon described.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Again negating divine presence.
- בָרַעַשׁ (ba-raʿash) – Root: רעשׁ (raʿash); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “in the earthquake”; Notes: ב prefix indicating location.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Concludes the second sequence.