Isaiah 55:12

כִּֽי־בְשִׂמְחָ֣ה תֵצֵ֔אוּ וּבְשָׁלֹ֖ום תּֽוּבָל֑וּן הֶהָרִ֣ים וְהַגְּבָעֹ֗ות יִפְצְח֤וּ לִפְנֵיכֶם֙ רִנָּ֔ה וְכָל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה יִמְחֲאוּ־כָֽף׃

For with joy you shall go out, and with peace you shall be brought; the mountains and the hills shall break forth before you into singing, and all the trees of the field shall clap their hands.

Morphology

1. כִּֽי־ (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces the result or explanation of YHWH’s word.
2. בְשִׂמְחָ֣ה (be-simḥah) – Root: שׂמח; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “with joy”; Notes: Expresses the manner in which the people go out.
3. תֵצֵ֔אוּ (tetzeʾu) – Root: יצא; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall go out”; Notes: Addressed to the people, describing their joyful departure.
4. וּבְשָׁלֹ֖ום (u-ve-shalom) – Root: שלם; Form: Conjunction + preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and with peace”; Notes: Parallels “with joy,” highlighting emotional and spiritual state.
5. תּוּבָל֑וּן (tuvalun) – Root: נהל; Form: Pual imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall be brought”; Notes: Passive form indicating that they are led by another, possibly YHWH.
6. הֶהָרִ֣ים (he-harim) – Root: הר; Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the mountains”; Notes: Personified subjects of the coming celebration.
7. וְהַגְּבָעֹ֗ות (ve-ha-gevʿot) – Root: גבעה; Form: Conjunction + definite noun feminine plural; Translation: “and the hills”; Notes: Paired with “mountains” in poetic parallelism.
8. יִפְצְח֤וּ (yifetzuḥu) – Root: פצח; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall break forth”; Notes: Poetic term implying sudden, joyful outburst.
9. לִפְנֵיכֶם (lifneikhem) – Root: פנה; Form: Preposition + plural 2nd person masculine suffix; Translation: “before you”; Notes: Indicates the direction of the celebration in relation to the people.
10. רִנָּ֔ה (rinnah) – Root: רנן; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “into singing”; Notes: Object of the verb “shall break forth.”
11. וְכָל־ (ve-kol) – Root: כל; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular in construct; Translation: “and all of”; Notes: Introduces the next subject in parallel with mountains and hills.
12. עֲצֵ֥י (ʿatzei) – Root: עץ; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “trees of”; Notes: Bound in construct with “field.”
13. הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה (ha-sadeh) – Root: שדה; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the field”; Notes: Completing the construct phrase “trees of the field.”
14. יִמְחֲאוּ־כָֽף (yimḥaʾu-kaf) – Root: מחא; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural + accusative noun “palm”; Translation: “shall clap their hands”; Notes: Anthropomorphic imagery; trees expressing joy like people.