Isaiah 55:5

הֵ֣ן גֹּ֤וי לֹֽא־תֵדַע֙ תִּקְרָ֔א וְגֹ֥וי לֹֽא־יְדָע֖וּךָ אֵלֶ֣יךָ יָר֑וּצוּ לְמַ֨עַן֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְלִקְדֹ֥ושׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כִּ֥י פֵאֲרָֽךְ׃ ס

Behold, a nation that you do not know you shall call, and a nation that does not know you shall run to you, because of YHWH your God and for the Holy One of Yisraʾel, for He has glorified you.

Morphology

1. הֵ֣ן (hen) – Form: Interjection; Translation: “Behold”; Notes: Introduces a prophetic declaration.
2. גֹּ֤וי (goy) – Root: גוי; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a nation”; Notes: Refers to a Gentile nation, often non-Israelite.
3. לֹֽא־תֵדַע֙ (lo-tedaʿ) – Root: ידע; Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you do not know”; Notes: Refers to a nation unfamiliar to Zion.
4. תִּקְרָ֔א (tiqra) – Root: קרא; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall call”; Notes: Inviting or summoning that nation.
5. וְגֹ֥וי (ve-goy) – Root: גוי; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and a nation”; Notes: Parallels the earlier clause with a second group.
6. לֹֽא־יְדָע֖וּךָ (lo-yedaʿukha) – Root: ידע; Form: Negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “does not know you”; Notes: That nation previously unaware of Zion’s glory.
7. אֵלֶ֣יךָ (elekha) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Directional, toward Zion.
8. יָר֑וּצוּ (yarutsu) – Root: רוץ; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall run”; Notes: Indicates eagerness or urgency to come.
9. לְמַ֨עַן (lemaʿan) – Root: מען; Form: Preposition; Translation: “because of” / “for the sake of”; Notes: Introduces cause or purpose.
10. יְהוָ֣ה (YHWH) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
11. אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ (Elohekha) – Root: אלה; Form: Noun masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Possessive, addressed to Zion.
12. וְלִקְדֹ֥ושׁ (ve-liqdosh) – Root: קדשׁ; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and for the Holy One of”; Notes: Divine epithet for YHWH.
13. יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (Yisraʾel) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation chosen by YHWH.
14. כִּ֥י (ki) – Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Provides the reason for the nations’ response.
15. פֵאֲרָֽךְ (fe’arakh) – Root: פאר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “He has glorified you”; Notes: Refers to YHWH bestowing honor or beauty upon Zion.