וַֽיְהִי֙ כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ אִיזֶ֔בֶל כִּֽי־סֻקַּ֥ל נָבֹ֖ות וַיָּמֹ֑ת וַתֹּ֨אמֶר אִיזֶ֜בֶל אֶל־אַחְאָ֗ב ק֣וּם רֵ֞שׁ אֶת־כֶּ֣רֶם נָבֹ֣ות הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר מֵאֵן֙ לָתֶת־לְךָ֣ בְכֶ֔סֶף כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נָבֹ֛ות חַ֖י כִּי־מֵֽת׃
And it came to pass when Izevel heard that Navot had been stoned and was dead, that Izevel said to Aḥav, “Arise, take possession of the vineyard of Navot the Yizreʿeli, which he refused to give to you for silver, for Navot is not alive but is dead.”
Morphology
- וַיְהִי (va-yehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Common narrative transition in Biblical Hebrew.
- כִּשְׁמֹעַ (kishmoaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Preposition כְּ + infinitive construct; Translation: “when [she] heard”; Notes: Temporal clause introducing the circumstance.
- אִיזֶבֶל (Izevel) – Root: איזבל (Izevel); Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Izevel”; Notes: The queen and orchestrator of the plot.
- כִּי־סֻקַּל (ki-suqqal) – Root: סקל (saqal); Form: Conjunction כִּי + Pual perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “that [he] had been stoned”; Notes: Passive voice indicating Navot’s execution.
- נָבֹות (Navot) – Root: נבות (Navot); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Navot”; Notes: The victim of the plot.
- וַיָּמֹת (va-yamot) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he died”; Notes: Completes the report of Navot’s fate.
- וַתֹּאמֶר (va-toʾmer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and she said”; Notes: Izevel now addresses Aḥav.
- אִיזֶבֶל (Izevel) – Root: איזבל (Izevel); Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Izevel”; Notes: Subject of the speech action.
- אֶל־אַחְאָב (el-Aḥav) – Root: אחאב (Aḥav); Form: Preposition + proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “to Aḥav”; Notes: The king of Yisraʾel.
- קוּם (qum) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “Arise”; Notes: Urgent command to take action immediately.
- רֵשׁ (resh) – Root: ירשׁ (yarash); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “take possession”; Notes: Refers to inheriting or taking ownership, often by conquest or transfer.
- אֶת־כֶּרֶם (et-kerem) – Root: כרם (kerem); Form: Accusative marker + noun masculine singular; Translation: “the vineyard”; Notes: The object Aḥav is being urged to claim.
- נָבֹות (Navot) – Root: נבות (Navot); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Navot”; Notes: Identifies the vineyard’s original owner.
- הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִי (ha-Yizreʿeli) – Root: יזרעאל (Yizreʿel); Form: Definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the Yizreʿeli”; Notes: Denotes Navot’s origin from Yizreʿel.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause describing the refusal.
- מֵאֵן (meʾen) – Root: מאן (maʾan); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he refused”; Notes: Strong verb of denial or objection.
- לָתֶת (latet) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition לְ; Translation: “to give”; Notes: Expresses the purpose of the refusal.
- לְךָ (lekha) – Root: לך (lakh); Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Refers to Aḥav as the intended recipient.
- בְּכֶסֶף (ve-kesef) – Root: כסף (kesef); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for silver”; Notes: Refers to the offered payment which Navot refused.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason why Aḥav can now seize the vineyard.
- אֵין (ein) – Root: אין (ʾein); Form: Particle of non-existence; Translation: “there is not”; Notes: Expresses negation of life.
- נָבֹות (Navot) – Root: נבות (Navot); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Navot”; Notes: Subject of the negation.
- חַי (ḥai) – Root: חי (ḥai); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “alive”; Notes: Describes the former condition now absent.
- כִּי־מֵת (ki-met) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Conjunction כִּי + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “for he is dead”; Notes: Emphatic assertion of Navot’s death to justify Aḥav’s claim.