וַתִּכְתֹּ֤ב סְפָרִים֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם אַחְאָ֔ב וַתַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּחֹתָמֹ֑ו וַתִּשְׁלַ֣ח הספרים אֶל־הַזְקֵנִ֤ים וְאֶל־הַֽחֹרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעִירֹ֔ו הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים אֶת־נָבֹֽות׃
And she wrote letters in the name of Aḥav and sealed them with his seal, and she sent the letters to the elders and to the nobles who were in his city, who dwelled with Navot.
Morphology
- וַתִּכְתֹּב (va-tikhtov) – Root: כתב (katav); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And she wrote”; Notes: Continuation of narrative about Izevel’s actions.
- סְפָרִים (sefarim) – Root: ספר (sefer); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “letters”; Notes: Refers to written documents, here deceptive letters.
- בְּשֵׁם (be-shem) – Root: שם (shem); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the name”; Notes: Acting under another’s authority.
- אַחְאָב (Aḥav) – Root: אחאב (Aḥav); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Aḥav”; Notes: Refers to the king of Yisraʾel.
- וַתַּחְתֹּם (va-taḥtom) – Root: חתם (ḥatam); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and she sealed”; Notes: Officially authenticated the letters.
- בְּחֹתָמֹו (be-ḥotamo) – Root: חותם (ḥotam); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “with his seal”; Notes: The king’s signet mark verifying the letters.
- וַתִּשְׁלַח (va-tishlaḥ) – Root: שלח (shalach); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and she sent”; Notes: Describes dispatching of the deceptive letters.
- הספרים (ha-sefarim) – Root: ספר (sefer); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the letters”; Notes: Direct object of the verb “sent.”
- אֶל־הַזְקֵנִים (el-ha-zekenim) – Root: זקן (zaqen); Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “to the elders”; Notes: Leaders or judges of the community.
- וְאֶל־הַחֹרִים (ve-el-ha-ḥorim) – Root: חור (ḥor); Form: Conjunction + preposition + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “and to the nobles”; Notes: Distinguished or free men of status in the city.
- אֲשֶׁר (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause describing location.
- בְּעִירוֹ (be-ʿiro) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in his city”; Notes: Refers to Aḥav’s or possibly Navot’s city, contextually.
- הַיֹּשְׁבִים (ha-yoshevim) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Definite participle masculine plural; Translation: “who dwell”; Notes: Continuous action: residents or inhabitants.
- אֶת־נָבֹות (et-Navot) – Root: נבות (Navot); Form: Accusative marker + proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “with Navot”; Notes: Indicates Navot as the subject affected by their residence and future action.