גַּ֧ם אֶֽת־הָאֲרִ֛י גַּם־הַדֹּ֖וב הִכָּ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְֽ֠הָיָה הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י הֶעָרֵ֤ל הַזֶּה֙ כְּאַחַ֣ד מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכֹ֖ת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃ ס
Both the lion and also the bear your servant struck, and this uncircumcised Pelishti shall be like one of them, for he has defied the battle lines of the living God.”
Morphology
- גַּ֧ם (gam) – Root: גם (gam); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Also”; Notes: Emphasizes additional elements.
- אֶֽת־הָאֲרִ֛י (ʾet-haʾari) – Root: ארי (ʾari); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article and direct object marker; Translation: “the lion”; Notes: Refers to one of the animals Dawid defeated.
- גַּם־הַדֹּ֖וב (gam-haddov) – Root: דוב (dov); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “also the bear”; Notes: The second predator mentioned.
- הִכָּ֣ה (hikkah) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he struck”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s previous actions.
- עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ (ʿavdekha) – Root: עבד (ʿeved); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your servant”; Notes: Dawid refers to himself humbly.
- וְֽ֠הָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he shall be”; Notes: Expresses the consequence of Dawid’s confidence.
- הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י (ha-Pelishti) – Root: פלש (palesh); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the Pelishti”; Notes: Refers to Golyat.
- הֶעָרֵ֤ל (he-ʿarel) – Root: ערל (ʿarel); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “the uncircumcised”; Notes: A term of contempt, emphasizing Golyat’s separation from YHWH’s covenant.
- הַזֶּה֙ (hazzeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “this one”; Notes: Emphasizes Golyat specifically.
- כְּאַחַ֣ד (keʾaḥad) – Root: אחד (ʾaḥad); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “like one”; Notes: Comparison to the slain animals.
- מֵהֶ֔ם (mehem) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural pronoun; Translation: “of them”; Notes: Refers to the lion and the bear.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for Dawid’s assertion.
- חֵרֵ֔ף (ḥeref) – Root: חרף (ḥaraf); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he has defied”; Notes: Expresses Golyat’s insult to YHWH’s people.
- מַעַרְכֹ֖ות (maʿarkhot) – Root: ערך (ʿarakh); Form: Noun, feminine plural; Translation: “battle lines”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel’s army.
- אֱלֹהִ֥ים (ʾElohim) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “God”; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
- חַיִּֽים (ḥayyim) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Adjective, masculine plural; Translation: “living”; Notes: Emphasizes YHWH as the living God.