כִּ֣י לֹא֩ הִשְׁאִ֨יר לִיהֹואָחָ֜ז עָ֗ם כִּ֣י אִם־חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים פָּֽרָשִׁים֙ וַעֲשָׂ֣רָה רֶ֔כֶב וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים רַגְלִ֑י כִּ֤י אִבְּדָם֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם וַיְשִׂמֵ֥ם כֶּֽעָפָ֖ר לָדֻֽשׁ׃
For he did not leave to Yehōʾaḥaz any people, except fifty horsemen and ten chariots and ten thousand footmen, for the king of Aram had destroyed them and made them like dust to be trampled.
Morphology
- כִּי (ki) – Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces explanation or reason.
- לֹא הִשְׁאִיר (lo hishʾir) – Root: שׁאר (sh-ʾ-r); Form: Negative particle + Hifil perfect 3ms; Translation: “he did not leave”; Notes: Describes total devastation or depletion.
- לִיהֹואָחָז (li-Yehōʾaḥaz) – Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Yehōʾaḥaz”; Notes: King of Yisraʾel, the subject affected by the loss.
- עָם (ʿam) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “people” or “army”; Notes: Used here in a military context.
- כִּי אִם (ki im) – Form: Conjunction + particle; Translation: “except”; Notes: Introduces the exception to the preceding negation.
- חֲמִשִּׁים פָּרָשִׁים (ḥamishim parashim) – Root: חמש / פרש; Form: Cardinal number + masculine plural noun; Translation: “fifty horsemen”; Notes: Remnant of the cavalry.
- וַעֲשָׂרָה רֶכֶב (va-ʿasarah rekhev) – Root: עשר / רכב; Form: Conjunction + number + masculine singular noun; Translation: “and ten chariots”; Notes: Further detail of reduced military strength.
- וַעֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים רַגְלִי (va-ʿaseret ʾalafim ragli) – Root: עשר / אלף / רגל; Form: Conjunction + construct number + noun plural + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and ten thousand footmen”; Notes: Infantry forces remaining.
- כִּי אִבְּדָם (ki ʾibbedam) – Root: אבד (ʾ-b-d); Form: Conjunction + Piel perfect 3ms + 3mp suffix; Translation: “for he had destroyed them”; Notes: Refers to the king of Aram’s actions.
- מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם (melekh Aram) – Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “the king of Aram”; Notes: Subject of the destruction.
- וַיְשִׂמֵם (va-yesimem) – Root: שׂים (s-y-m); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + 3mp suffix; Translation: “and he made them”; Notes: Introduces metaphorical comparison.
- כֶּעָפָר (ke-ʿafar) – Root: עפר (ʿ-ʿ-p-r); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like dust”; Notes: Symbol of complete destruction and worthlessness.
- לָדֻשׁ (ladush) – Root: דוש (d-w-sh); Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive; Translation: “to be trampled”; Notes: Final image of utter humiliation and defeat.