בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ אָחָ֣ז בְּמָלְכֹ֔ו וְשֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְלֹא־עָשָׂ֣ה הַיָּשָׁ֗ר בְּעֵינֵ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָ֖יו כְּדָוִ֥ד אָבִֽיו׃
Twenty years old was Aḥaz when he began to reign, and sixteen years he reigned in Yerushalayim, and he did not do what was right in the eyes of YHWH his God like Dawid his father.
Morphology
- בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֤ים (ben-ʿesrim) – Roots: בן, עשרים; Form: Construct noun + cardinal number; Translation: “Twenty years old”; Notes: Indicates age at the beginning of reign.
- שָׁנָה֙ (shanah) – Root: שׁנה; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “year”; Notes: Completes the age expression.
- אָחָ֣ז (Aḥaz) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Aḥaz”; Notes: Subject of the reign formula.
- בְּמָלְכֹ֔ו (be-mal’kho) – Root: מלך; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “when he began to reign”; Notes: Idiomatic expression indicating start of kingship.
- וְשֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה (ve-shesh-ʿesreh) – Roots: שׁשׁ, עשר; Form: Compound numeral; Translation: “Sixteen”; Notes: Indicates length of reign.
- שָׁנָ֔ה (shanah) – Root: שׁנה; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “year”; Notes: Part of the duration of reign formula.
- מָלַ֖ךְ (malakh) – Root: מלך; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he reigned”; Notes: Common verb in royal summaries.
- בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם (bi-Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלם; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Yerushalayim”; Notes: Capital of the kingdom of Yehudah.
- וְלֹא־עָשָׂ֣ה (ve-lo-ʿasah) – Roots: לא, עשׂה; Form: Conjunction + negative + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he did not do”; Notes: Introduces moral evaluation.
- הַיָּשָׁ֗ר (ha-yashar) – Root: ישׁר; Form: Definite adjective masculine singular; Translation: “what was right”; Notes: Refers to upright behavior in the divine perspective.
- בְּעֵינֵ֛י (be-ʿeinei) – Root: עין; Form: Preposition + dual construct noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in the eyes of”; Notes: Standard biblical phrase of divine evaluation.
- יְהוָ֥ה (YHWH) – Form: Proper noun (Tetragrammaton); Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The God of Yisraʾel.
- אֱלֹהָ֖יו (Elohav) – Root: אלה; Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his God”; Notes: Personal reference to covenant deity.
- כְּדָוִ֥ד (ke-Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “like Dawid”; Notes: Standard of righteous kingship.
- אָבִֽיו (aviv) – Root: אב; Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his father”; Notes: Dawid as dynastic and moral exemplar.